人教版2019高中英语必修一Unit 4Natural Disasters重难点提升练习题
一、单词拼写
1. The earthquake caused a lot of d__________（破坏）to the local buildings and infrastructure, leaving many people homeless.
2. We should take immediate m__________（措施）to prevent floods from happening again, such as building dams and improving drainage systems.
3. A v__________（猛烈的）storm hit the coastal area, bringing strong winds and heavy rain, which led to power outages and traffic chaos.
4. The r__________（救援）workers arrived at the disaster - stricken area in time and saved many lives with their professional skills and determination.
5. The forest fire b__________（烧毁）a large area of the forest before it was finally extinguished by the firefighters.
6. The s__________（幸存者）of the plane crash told the reporters about the terrifying experience they had gone through.
7. We need to be well - p__________（准备好的）for natural disasters by storing emergency supplies and making evacuation plans.
8. The a__________（警报）went off when the fire started, warning people to evacuate the building quickly and safely.
9. The heavy snow caused serious t__________（交通）problems in the city, making it difficult for people to commute.
10. The government provided f__________（食物）and shelter for the people affected by the earthquake to help them get through the difficult time.
二、词性转换
1. damage（复数形式）__________
2. measure（复数形式）__________
3. violent（副词）__________
4. rescue（同义词）__________
5. burn（过去式）__________
6. survive（名词，幸存者）__________
7. prepare（名词）__________
8. alarm（形容词）__________
9. traffic（形容词）__________
10. flood（复数形式）__________
三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词并用其适当形式填空）
|damage, measure, violent, rescue, burn, survive, prepare, alarm, traffic, flood|
|---|
1. The __________ of the typhoon was so great that many houses were destroyed.
2. We should take effective __________ to protect the environment and reduce the occurrence of natural disasters.
3. The __________ wind blew down trees and power lines, causing a lot of inconvenience.
4. The __________ team worked day and night to search for survivors in the earthquake - hit area.
5. After the fire, only a few buildings __________ in the neighborhood.
6. We need to __________ for emergencies by learning first - aid skills and having emergency kits.
7. The __________ system in the city can quickly detect fires and send out warnings.
8. The heavy rain may lead to a __________ if the water level in the river rises too high.
四、阅读理解
A
Wildfires are a major natural disaster that can cause significant damage to forests, wildlife, and human communities. In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased in many parts of the world due to climate change, drought, and human activities.
In Australia, the 2019 - 2020 wildfire season was one of the worst on record. The fires burned for months, covering a vast area of land. They destroyed millions of hectares of forest, killed billions of animals, and forced thousands of people to evacuate their homes. The thick smoke from the fires even reached other countries, affecting air quality far away.
To prevent and control wildfires, governments and organizations are taking various measures. These include better fire management strategies, such as controlled burns, and increased public awareness campaigns. Scientists are also researching new technologies to detect and extinguish wildfires more effectively.
1. What are the main causes of the increase in wildfires
A. Only climate change.
B. Climate change, drought, and human activities.
C. Only drought.
D. Only human activities.
2. What was the situation of the 2019 - 2020 wildfires in Australia
A. They burned for a short time.
B. They covered a small area of land.
C. They were one of the worst on record, causing extensive damage.
D. They had no impact on air quality.
3. What were the impacts of the 2019 - 2020 wildfires in Australia
A. Only destroying forests.
B. Destroying forests, killing animals, and forcing people to evacuate.
C. Only killing animals.
D. Only forcing people to evacuate.
4. What are governments and organizations doing to deal with wildfires
A. Taking no measures.
B. Only increasing public awareness.
C. Adopting better fire management strategies and increasing public awareness.
D. Only using new technologies.
5. What is the best title for the passage
A. The History of Wildfires in Australia
B. The Causes and Impacts of Wildfires and Measures to Deal with Them
C. New Technologies for Wildfire Prevention
D. The Impact of Climate Change on Wildfires
B
Floods are one of the most common natural disasters. They occur when there is an excessive amount of water, usually due to heavy rainfall, melting snow, or the overflow of rivers and lakes. Floods can cause a wide range of problems, including damage to property, loss of life, and disruption of infrastructure.
In some areas, floods are a seasonal occurrence. For example, in regions near large rivers, the annual flooding of the river can bring fertile soil, but it also poses a threat to nearby communities. In recent years, the frequency of floods has increased in many parts of the world, mainly due to climate change.
To protect against floods, people build dams, levees, and flood - control channels. These structures can help regulate the flow of water and reduce the risk of flooding. Additionally, early - warning systems are crucial. They can give people enough time to evacuate and protect their belongings before a flood hits.
1. What causes floods
A. Only heavy rainfall.
B. Heavy rainfall, melting snow, or the overflow of rivers and lakes.
C. Only melting snow.
D. Only the overflow of rivers and lakes.
2. What problems can floods cause
A. Only damage to property.
B. Damage to property, loss of life, and disruption of infrastructure.
C. Only loss of life.
D. Only disruption of infrastructure.
3. Why are floods a seasonal occurrence in some areas
A. Because of the regular heavy rainfall in those areas.
B. Because of the annual flooding of nearby rivers.
C. Because of climate change.
D. Because of human activities.
4. What do people build to protect against floods
A. Dams, levees, and flood - control channels.
B. Only dams.
C. Only levees.
D. Only flood - control channels.
5. What is the importance of early - warning systems
A. They can prevent floods from happening.
B. They can give people time to evacuate and protect their belongings.
C. They can reduce the amount of rainfall.
D. They can make the floods less severe.
五、完形填空
Last year, a severe earthquake 1.__________ our city. The ground shook 2.__________ and many buildings started to collapse. People were 3.__________ and ran out of their houses in panic.
The earthquake 4.__________ power supplies and water pipes. Many people were trapped under the rubble. 5.__________, the rescue teams arrived quickly. They worked day and night to search for survivors and 6.__________ the injured.
The government provided food, water, and temporary shelters for the affected people. Volunteers also came forward to help. They 7.__________ food, distributed water, and comforted the victims.
After the earthquake, we realized the importance of being 8.__________ for natural disasters. We should learn more about earthquake 9.__________ and take measures to protect ourselves. It is also important to help each other in times of 10.__________.
1. A. hit B. beat C. struck D. knocked
2. A. gently B. violently C. softly D. slowly
3. A. excited B. surprised C. frightened D. angry
4. A. cut off B. cut down C. cut up D. cut out
5. A. Luckily B. Unfortunately C. Suddenly D. Sadly
6. A. save B. kill C. harm D. hurt
7. A. cooked B. ate C. bought D. sold
8. A. careful B. ready C. worried D. afraid
9. A. prevention B. protection C. prediction D. preparation
10. A. joy B. peace C. trouble D. success
六、语法填空
Natural disasters 1.__________ (be) a serious threat to human beings. Earthquakes, floods, and wildfires can cause great damage. We need to understand 2.__________ causes of these disasters to prevent them better.
For example, earthquakes are often caused by the movement of tectonic plates. If we can monitor the movement 3.__________ (close), we may be able to predict earthquakes and take measures 4.__________ (reduce) the damage.
Floods usually happen when there is 5.__________ heavy rain or when rivers overflow. Building dams and improving drainage systems can help prevent floods.
Wildfires can be caused by 6.__________ (nature) factors like lightning or human activities. To prevent wildfires, we should 7.__________ (education) people not to start fires in forests.
In addition, it is important 8.__________ (build) disaster - resistant buildings. These buildings can better withstand the impact of natural disasters. We should also learn 9.__________ (first - aid) skills to help those 10.__________ are injured in disasters.
参考答案
一、单词拼写答案及解析
1. damage，“破坏”，作宾语，此处表示不可数概念，故填damage。
2. measures，“措施”，take measures为固定短语，意为“采取措施”，常用复数形式，故填measures。
3. violent，“猛烈的”，修饰名词storm，用形容词形式，故填violent。
4. rescue，“救援”，作定语修饰workers，用名词形式，故填rescue。
5. burned / burnt，“烧毁”，描述过去发生的动作，burn的过去式为burned或burnt，故填burned / burnt。
6. survivors，“幸存者”，根据语境可知不止一个幸存者，用复数形式，故填survivors。
7. prepared，“准备好的”，be well - prepared for为固定短语，意为“为……做好充分准备”，故填prepared。
8. alarm，“警报”，作主语，用名词形式，故填alarm。
9. traffic，“交通”，作定语修饰problems，用名词形式，故填traffic。
10. food，“食物”，不可数名词，故填food。
二、词性转换答案及解析
1. damages，damage作“损害赔偿（金）”解时常用复数形式，故填damages。
2. measures，measure的复数形式，直接加s，故填measures。
3. violently，violent的副词形式，在词尾加ly，故填violently。
4. save，rescue的同义词，意为“拯救；救援”，故填save。
5. burned / burnt，burn的过去式有burned和burnt两种形式，故填burned / burnt。
6. survivor，survive的名词形式，意为“幸存者”，故填survivor。
7. preparation，prepare的名词形式，意为“准备；预备”，故填preparation。
8. alarming，alarm的形容词形式，意为“令人担忧的；使人惊恐的”，故填alarming。
9. traffic，本身可作形容词，意为“交通的；运输的”，如traffic rules（交通规则），故填traffic。
10. floods，flood的复数形式，直接加s，故填floods。
三、选词填空答案及解析
1. damage，“台风的破坏”用“the damage of the typhoon”，故填damage。
2. measures，take effective measures表示“采取有效措施”，故填measures。
3. violent，修饰名词wind用形容词，“猛烈的风”用violent wind，故填violent。
4. rescue，“救援队”用rescue team，故填rescue。
5. survived，根据语境可知用一般过去时，“幸存”用survive，其过去式为survived，故填survived。
6. prepare，need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，“为紧急情况做准备”用prepare for emergencies，故填prepare。
7. alarm，“警报系统”用alarm system，故填alarm。
8. flood，“一场洪水”用a flood，故填flood。
四、阅读理解答案及解析
1. B，根据“In recent years, the frequency and intensity of wildfires have increased in many parts of the world due to climate change, drought, and human activities.”可知，野火增加的主要原因是气候变化、干旱和人类活动，选B。
2. C，从“In Australia, the 2019 - 2020 wildfire season was one of the worst on record. The fires burned for months, covering a vast area of land.”可知，2019 - 2020年澳大利亚的野火是有记录以来最严重的之一，造成了广泛的破坏，选C。
3. B，由“They destroyed millions of hectares of forest, killed billions of animals, and forced thousands of people to evacuate their homes.”可知，野火的影响包括破坏森林、杀死动物和迫使人们撤离，选B。
4. C，根据“To prevent and control wildfires, governments and organizations are taking various measures. These include better fire management strategies, such as controlled burns, and increased public awareness campaigns.”可知，政府和组织采取更好的火灾管理策略并提高公众意识来应对野火，选C。
5. B，文章主要讲述了野火的成因、影响以及应对措施，B选项符合文意，选B。
6. B，根据“They occur when there is an excessive amount of water, usually due to heavy rainfall, melting snow, or the overflow of rivers and lakes.”可知，洪水是由暴雨、融雪或河流湖泊泛滥引起的，选B。
7. B，从“Floods can cause a wide range of problems, including damage to property, loss of life, and disruption of infrastructure.”可知，洪水会造成财产损失、人员伤亡和基础设施破坏等问题，选B。
8. B，由“In some areas, floods are a seasonal occurrence. For example, in regions near large rivers, the annual flooding of the river can bring fertile soil, but it also poses a threat to nearby communities.”可知，在一些地区洪水是季节性的是因为附近河流的年度泛滥，选B。
9. A，根据“To protect against floods, people build dams, levees, and flood - control channels.”可知，人们建造大坝、堤坝和防洪渠道来防洪，选A。
10. B，从“Additionally, early - warning systems are crucial. They can give people enough time to evacuate and protect their belongings before a flood hits.”可知，预警系统的重要性在于能让人们有时间撤离和保护财物，选B。
五、完形填空答案及解析
1. A，“hit”表示“袭击；使遭受”，常用来指自然灾害袭击某个地方，这里指地震袭击城市，故A正确；beat意为“打败；拍打”；strike也有“袭击”之意，但更强调突然性；knock意为“敲；打”，均不符合语境。
2. B，地震时地面应是剧烈摇晃，violently意为“猛烈地；剧烈地”，符合语境；gently意为“温柔地；轻轻地”；softly意为“柔软地；温和地”；slowly意为“缓慢地”，均不符合。
3. C，地震发生人们会感到害怕，frightened意为“害怕的；受惊的”；excited意为“兴奋的”；surprised意为“惊讶的”；angry意为“生气的”，均不符合当时人们的状态。
4. A，地震切断了电力供应和水管，cut off意为“切断；中断”；cut down意为“砍倒；削减”；cut up意为“切碎”；cut out意为“裁剪；删除”，只有cut off符合语境。
5. A，救援队伍迅速到达是幸运的事，luckily意为“幸运地”；unfortunately意为“不幸地”；suddenly意为“突然地”；sadly意为“悲伤地”，均不符合语境。
6. A，救援队伍是来拯救被困人员和救助伤者的，save意为“拯救；挽救”；kill意为“杀死”；harm意为“伤害”；hurt意为“使受伤”，只有save符合。
7. A，志愿者应该是做饭给受灾群众，cook意为“烹饪；做饭”；eat意为“吃”；buy意为“买”；sell意为“卖”，只有cook符合语境。
8. B，be ready for意为“为……做好准备”，这里指意识到为自然灾害做好准备的重要性，故B正确；careful意为“小心的”；worried意为“担心的”；afraid意为“害怕的”，均不符合。
9. A，这里指学习地震预防知识，earthquake prevention意为“地震预防”；protection意为“保护”；prediction意为“预测”；preparation意为“准备”，只有prevention符合。
10. C，in times of trouble意为“在困难时期”，这里指在灾难发生这种困难时期要互相帮助，joy意为“欢乐”；peace意为“和平”；success意为“成功”，均不符合。
六、语法填空答案及解析
1. are，主语“Natural disasters”是复数，描述客观事实用一般现在时，故be动词用are。
2. the，这里特指这些灾难的原因，用定冠词the。
3. closely，修饰动词monitor用副词，close的副词形式为closely，意为“密切地”。
4. to reduce，take measures to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。
5.
