2026全国版高考英语一轮
主题十二 自然探索
组合练一:阅读(2)&七选五
1 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：自然探索
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops.
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists.
B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills.
D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point.
B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store.
D. Visitor Education Center.
2 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：自然探索
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
4. What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北沧州盐山中学月考)
主题：自然探索
How to Start a Garden
Gardening is a powerful outlet for creativity, enabling you to surround yourself with beauty. It can provide homegrown food for your family, keep you in touch with nature and is also an invaluable form of exercise. In short, gardening is beneficial to both body and soul. 1. .
It all starts with good soil.
Whatever you're growing, fertile soil is the key. 2. . It promotes root development, supplying nutrients for plant growth.
Grow vegetables that keep on giving.
3. , choose ones you can harvest more than once. Lettuce and basil(罗勒) are quick and easy to grow. They'll replace their leaves every time you cut them. Vegetables like these mean continuous harvests, which is huge for keeping spirits high.
4. .
Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and prevent them from getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings(幼苗) plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow too close together, don't be afraid to thin seedlings.
Save money with seeds and cuttings.
Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive. 5. . Reach out to friends and family who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. Also check to see if they have any plants you can take cuttings from. It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is definitely more satisfying and you will learn so much.
A. If you need some help
B. Size up your growing space
C. If you're a newcomer
D. Here are some essential tips for beginners in gardening
E. Choose a container of appropriate size for what you are growing
F. Investing in rich soil initially creates a suitable environment
G. However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings
组合练二:阅读(2)&完形
1 五年高考 (2023全国乙,B) 主题：自然探索
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
2. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
4. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
2 三年模拟 (2024安徽A10联盟质量检测,A)
主题：自然探索
Summer Day Camps
Join the Environmental Learning Center(ELC) this summer for adventure in the outdoors! We can't wait to be part of your summer!
Young Experimenters June 17-21 $200
Participate in hands-on experiments from environmental disciplines of science. By using the scientific method, recording data and running experiments, students will study and connect with the natural world.
The Wildness Week June 24-28 $220
Do you know how to catch a fish, where to find frogs or how to copy the call of a red-winged blackbird Do you want to learn how to find pure water and build a temporary living place We'll give you the outdoor skills to discover the hidden wonders of nature.
Animal Antics July 8-12 $230
From the common squirrel to the mysterious wind scorpion, the ELC is home to an abundance of wildlife. We'll spend the week studying them through exploration, observation and experimentation.
Outdoor-ologists July 22-26 $260
Ever wonder what it takes to spend a career out in nature This week of camp will focus on learning about all the different sorts of people who work outside.
Refund Policy
Cancellations made on or prior to March 20 will be refunded at 100%. Cancellations made between March 21 and April 17 will lose the $50 deposit. After April 17 and up to two weeks prior to the first day of camp, a 50% refund will be given. After two weeks prior, no refunds will be given.
1. What ability can you learn from The Wildness Week
A. To interpret the singing of birds.
B. To experiment on wild animals.
C. To get along with wild animals.
D. To survive well in the wild.
2. Which camp will provide information relevant to working in the wild
A. Outdoor-ologists.
B. Animal Antics.
C. The Wildness Week.
D. Young Experimenters.
3. How much will you get if you cancel your reservation for Animal Antics on April 6
A. $230. B. $180. C. $115. D. $50.
3 三年模拟 (2024重庆拔尖强基联盟联考)
主题：人与植物
“What are those ” Jennifer asked me. I looked over at two large raised beds(苗圃) and answered, “Those are potatoes.”
In class, she usually 1 herself in the work in front of her. Today, however, she frowned. “But...” she started with her voice fading to a 2 . With a sinking feeling I knew where this 3 was going. “But they're green,” she started again. “Well, the bits we eat—the 4 —are brown, while what you are looking at is the part above the soil,” I tried my hardest not to sound 5 .
Looking 6 , Jennifer shook her head. I knew the situation certainly called for immediate 7 . I reached over to the potato plant, 8 it by its branches and leaves, and pulled. As the plant was 9 into the air, several large tubers(块茎) dropped onto the ground. I held the plant high in the air, 10 a few more potatoes that were still attached to the roots.
Jennifer stood with a shocked look on her face. I held one out for her to touch. As she took the potato in her hand, understanding 11 across her face. Once 12 from the stems and leaves, the tuber was now something that she recognized. 13 , she smiled and said, “I had no idea where they came from.”
For me, that best 14 how much pupils seem to know about their food and its production. This is why I started an eco-garden at school. We need pupils to be given opportunities to interact with nature and inspired to be 15 of the world around them.
1. A. trapped B. seated C. buried D. hated
2. A. cry B. doubt C. mess D. whisper
3. A. understanding B. conversation C. tendency D. secret
4. A. beds B. plants C. leaves D. roots
5. A. superior B. ridiculous C. innocent D. reasonable
6. A. confused B. disappointed C. excited D. encouraged
7. A. explanation B. effect C. action D. care
8. A. dug B. tidied C. grabbed D. covered
9. A. cast B. raised C. delivered D. launched
10. A. taking B. handing C. keeping D. demonstrating
11. A. disappeared B. froze C. returned D. spread
12. A. removed B. made C. transformed D. protected
13. A. Apparently B. Eventually C. Fortunately D. Unexpectedly
14. A. takes up B. sums up C. looks up D. makes up
15. A. fond B. certain C. critical D. proud
组合练三:语法填空&应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2021新高考Ⅰ) 主题：自然探索
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2. (human)are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3. (undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5. (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8. (ache)legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9. (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10. must to visit!
2 三年模拟 (2025届福建泉州高中毕业班质量监测一)
(介绍)假定你是李华,上周你们班在清源山风景区上了一堂体育课。请你给新西兰朋友Terry写一封邮件分享这次经历,内容包括:
1. 你参与的活动;
2. 你的感想。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Terry,
I'm writing to share with you a PE class I had at Qingyuan Mountain last week.
Best regards,
Li Hua
组合练四:阅读(2)&七选五
1 五年高考 (2022全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
2. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door.
B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole.
D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
2 三年模拟 (2024云南一模,C) 主题：人与动物
Almost all new parents struggle to get enough sleep while caring for their newborns. For some penguin(企鹅) parents, though, periods of sleep are especially short.
Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. They do this thousands of times throughout the day. The short “microsleeps” total around 11 hours each day. The microsleeps appear to be enough to keep the parents going for many weeks.
Niels Rattenborg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in Germany, said, “What's surprising is that the penguins are able to function okay and successfully raise their young.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in November in nests made up of small rocks. Mated(交配的) pairs share parenting responsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alone while the other goes off to fish for family meals. Adult penguins don't face many natural enemies in the mating season. But large birds called brown skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may also try to steal the small rocks from the nests, so penguin parents must always be on guard.
For the first time, scientists tracked the sleeping behavior of Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They collected data on 14 adults over 11 days on King George Island off the coast of Antarctica.
Won Young Lee, a biologist at the Korean Polar Research Institute, thought of the idea for the study when he saw breeding penguins often blinking(眨) their eyes and apparently sleeping. But the team needed to record brain waves to confirm the animals were sleeping. “For these penguins, microsleeps have some restorative functions,” he said. He added that they couldn't make it without microsleeps.
The researchers didn't collect sleep data outside the mating season. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep for longer periods at other times of the year.
1. What have researchers found about Chinstrap penguins
A. They take turns to take care of the young.
B. They can sleep for several seconds at a time.
C. They rest for 11 hours in a row every day.
D. They behave poorly due to lack of sleep.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The habitats of the penguins.
B. The living habits of the penguins.
C. The mating seasons of the penguins.
D. The natural enemies of the penguins.
3. Which of the following might Won Young Lee agree with
A. Microsleeps of the penguins matter in the mating season.
B. It's difficult to record brain waves of the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep longer than people believe.
D. More funds are needed to further study the penguins.
4. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A book review. B. A travel brochure. C. A science journal. D. A chemistry textbook.
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北衡水部分高中一模)
主题：自然探索
Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees took my breath away. 1. It's just a local park near London that I'd never heard of during my eight years living in the UK. As I admired the serene garden, it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement.
“The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated,” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain. He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. “This is the landscape I grew up with”, he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn't shout about its beauty. 2.
I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London. 3. Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape.
4. I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture. I remember my parents' telling me to work hard but not to brag about my achievements. Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”, to encourage long-term dedication to one's chosen area of expertise.
Experiencing both cultures, I've realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement. 5. It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it's an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration.
A. Cliveden isn't a famous holiday place.
B. Rather, its beauty is reserved for the locals only.
C. I've been impressed by British humor all the time.
D. They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation.
E. But the more I looked, the more I saw its quiet elegance.
F. Over the years, I've become familiar with British modesty.
G. This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden.
组合练五:阅读(2)&完形
1 三年模拟 (2024江西赣州三模,C) 主题：植物
“Help!” “Land here!” “Conserve resources!” “Get off!” “My fruits are ready to eat!” These are just some of the many messages we know plants can send.
To react to the environment, a single plant must communicate among its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Instead of signals moving through a nervous system like ours, Simon Gilroy, a professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says, in plants, it's more like plumbing(管路系统). Electrical signals travel through the movement of chemicals in those tubes, explains Courtney Jahn, a biologist who studies plant interactions. For example, roots can detect drought and tell leaves to limit transpiration(蒸腾作用) and conserve water.
Researchers can observe this electrical communication by placing devices in two different places on a plant. We've even made instruments that can translate that electric charge into sounds we can hear. If a plant is wounded, electrical signals come out of that wound, Gilroy says. And plants can pass these electrical signals between individuals if they are touching. Researchers found that with special microphones that detect bat calls, you can hear plants, too. They are listening to these sounds to find new methods to diagnose, treat, and monitor plants without touching them.
As humans, we may not be able to naturally hear them, but we can often smell plant messages. When grass is cut, it releases chemicals—a signal of asking for help. This smelly signal belongs to a group of chemicals called volatiles, which can travel far as gases both above and below ground. Each plant species has its own special volatile compounds. Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University, says these volatile compounds have many different functions. Volatiles can draw in pollinators(传粉昆虫) when a flower is ready, and even direct them to flowers, while some are sent from leaves to deter animals that feed on only plants.
So, next time you walk on some grass or pick a flower, remember that the poor injured plant might be screaming out to its neighbours.
1. Why is the example given in Paragraph 2
A. To clarify how chemicals travel in a plant.
B. To describe how the roots of a plant work well.
C. To confirm a plant has a nervous system.
D. To show a plant can communicate internally.
2. How do plants pass electrical signals to others
A. By using their wounds.
B. By touching each other.
C. By detecting electric charge.
D. By changing them into sounds.
3. What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Preserve. B. Attract. C. Drive away. D. Turn to.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Secret Language of Plants
B. The Incredible Power of Nature
C. The Value of Interacting with Wildlife
D. The Trick of Getting Along with Nature
2 三年模拟 (2024福建部分地市第一次质量检测,D)
主题：人与植物
On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D.C., in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo(银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature.
Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It's such a great evolutionary(进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert.
One theory is that the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators(传粉者) than ginkgos. “It's possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,500 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China.
Ginkgo fruits are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew,” says Crane. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgos find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Without their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It's then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it's seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution.
Crane isn't worried about its future: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it's a plant that's unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says.
1. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgos' leaf drop
A. The colder weather in winter.
B. The protection from city councils.
C. The global warming phenomenon.
D. The careless interaction with humans.
2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out.
B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants.
C. The theories of experts about multiplying ginkgos.
D. The competition between various flowering plants.
3. What might have contributed to ginkgos' survival
A. Their eatable seeds.
B. Their unpleasant smell.
C. The natural evolution.
D. The careful planting.
4. How does Crane feel about ginkgos' future
A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless.
3 三年模拟 (2024黑龙江三模) 主题：自然探索
I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn't until I saw a 1 about cave diving in senior high school, in which I watched divers pass by sea urchins(海胆), that I realized I wanted to 2 cave animals. The video didn't mention the 3 in those underwater houses, but I 4 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to learn about their 5 , which meant I needed to study them in their 6 habitat.
Cave diving requires special 7 . In this photo taken during a sampling trip in March in Belize, you can see that I was carrying lights and navigation tools, and bringing extra air tanks. I was using a net and test tubes to collect tiny and nearly 8 animals floating in the water. Since then, I've come to 9 that caves are full of life: shrimps, sea stars and sea urchins, all 10 the low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 11 in many ways. If pollutants get underground, they can 12 affect many ecosystems.
The cave ecosystem is suffering from climate change. If we didn't take action to 13 these amazing caves, they could be gone before we have the 14 to fully understand them. And everything that makes them unique would 15 , too.
1. A. film B. story C. paper D. book
2. A. adopt B. feed C. rescue D. study
3. A. caves B. creatures C. views D. divers
4. A. believed B. dreamed C. doubted D. disagreed
5. A. photos B. ecology C. names D. news
6. A. artificial B. shallow C. modern D. natural
7. A. time B. equipment C. information D. space
8. A. starving B. valuable C. invisible D. dying
9. A. deny B. promise C. learn D. imagine
10. A. adapting to B. appealing to C. breaking up D. clearing up
11. A. created B. mirrored C. linked D. interpreted
12. A. suddenly B. barely C. originally D. negatively
13. A. conserve B. explore C. decorate D. construct
14. A. permission B. desire C. decision D. chance
15. A. happen B. return C. disappear D. begin
组合练六:语法填空(2)&应用文写作
1 三年模拟 (2024辽宁沈阳一模) 主题：人与自然
Dayushan Island is located in Fuding, Fujian province, known 1. its untouched nature, green grasslands and attractive coastlines.
Its coast is eroded(侵蚀) by seawater, 2. (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs. But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds. It 3. (list) in the “Top 10 of the most beautiful islands in China” by Chinese National Geography in 2005. It is 4. uninhabited island and a true hidden treasure that has still preserved its quietness and 5. (origin) form.
The best thing to do here is hike up the hills and find a high spot 6. overlooks the sea, the grasslands and the lakes! Besides hiking, camping enjoys great 7. (popular) on the island. The lakesides are great camping 8. (destination) with peaceful water and grassland scenery. Remember to bring mosquito repellent(驱蚊剂) and not 9. (swim) in the sea, because of the dangerous currents. The wind from the sea slowly blowing, the island morning mist 10. (gradual) disappears, and beautiful scenery unfolds in front of you.
2 三年模拟 (2025届重庆康德中学开学考)
主题：探索自然
As summer arrives with lots of rain in Southwest China's Yunnan province, wild mushrooms appear all over the area. Villagers head out to the hills to collect them, while markets become lively with 1. (variety) mushrooms on sale.
When it comes to 2. (prepare) wild mushrooms, local residents exhibit their cooking skills—frying, deep-frying, stir-frying, stewing(炖), consuming 3. (they) raw, or making soup. Each type of mushroom 4. (treat) differently to fully display its distinct and delicious flavor.
The love of wild mushrooms is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people of Yunnan, 5. province famous for its rich biodiversity. Historically, not much good land and not being able to grow a lot of grain made mushrooms a special treat on the tables of local homes. Wild mushrooms, rich 6. protein and with unique flavor, have been passed down as a unique food culture.
The province has more than 900 out of the world's 2,500 7. (know) species of safe-to-eat wild mushrooms. This huge supply has driven the 8. (extend) of Yunnan's wild mushroom industry chain, with dried products, canned goods and ready-to-eat items 9. overcome the limitations of the seasons, allowing consumers at home and abroad 10. (enjoy) nature's gifts whenever they want.
3 三年模拟 (2025届福建福州第一次质量检测)
(介绍)假定你是李华,你校每周开设一节劳动课,请你给外国朋友Mike写一封邮件分享其中的一次经历,内容包括:
1. 活动过程; 2. 你的感想。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Mike,
I'm writing to share with you a class of labor education.
Yours,
Li Hua
主题十二 自然探索
组合练一:阅读(2)&七选五
1 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅱ,A) 主题：自然探索
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you're hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park's amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area's natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone's park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops.
B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A. Works of famous artists.
B. Protection of wild animals.
C. Basic photography skills.
D. History of the canyon area.
3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A. Artist Point.
B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store.
D. Visitor Education Center.
答案
1. D 2. D 3. B
2 五年高考 (2023新课标Ⅰ,B) 主题：自然探索
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
1. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling.
B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind.
D. He longed to be a doctor.
2. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals.
B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants.
D. To test the eco-machine.
3. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John's research plans.
B. To show an application of John's idea.
C. To compare John's different jobs.
D. To erase doubts about John's invention.
4. What is the basis for John's work
A. Nature can repair itself.
B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse.
D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北沧州盐山中学月考)
主题：自然探索
How to Start a Garden
Gardening is a powerful outlet for creativity, enabling you to surround yourself with beauty. It can provide homegrown food for your family, keep you in touch with nature and is also an invaluable form of exercise. In short, gardening is beneficial to both body and soul. 1. .
It all starts with good soil.
Whatever you're growing, fertile soil is the key. 2. . It promotes root development, supplying nutrients for plant growth.
Grow vegetables that keep on giving.
3. , choose ones you can harvest more than once. Lettuce and basil(罗勒) are quick and easy to grow. They'll replace their leaves every time you cut them. Vegetables like these mean continuous harvests, which is huge for keeping spirits high.
4. .
Some plants will grow tall and some will grow closer to the ground. Tall plants will shade shorter plants and prevent them from getting needed sunshine. Also, give little seedlings(幼苗) plenty of room to stretch and grow. If they grow too close together, don't be afraid to thin seedlings.
Save money with seeds and cuttings.
Buying all of your plants from the garden center is expensive. 5. . Reach out to friends and family who garden and ask them to share spare seeds with you. Also check to see if they have any plants you can take cuttings from. It takes longer than buying young plants, but it is definitely more satisfying and you will learn so much.
A. If you need some help
B. Size up your growing space
C. If you're a newcomer
D. Here are some essential tips for beginners in gardening
E. Choose a container of appropriate size for what you are growing
F. Investing in rich soil initially creates a suitable environment
G. However, you can grow a huge range of plants from seeds or cuttings
答案
1. D 2. F 3. C 4. B 5. G
组合练二:阅读(2)&完形
1 五年高考 (2023全国乙,B) 主题：自然探索
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil's Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1. How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers.
B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions.
D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
2. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management.
B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit.
D. Distinctive styles.
3. What can we infer from the author's trip with friends to Devil's Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
4. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil's Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
答案
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B
2 三年模拟 (2024安徽A10联盟质量检测,A)
主题：自然探索
Summer Day Camps
Join the Environmental Learning Center(ELC) this summer for adventure in the outdoors! We can't wait to be part of your summer!
Young Experimenters June 17-21 $200
Participate in hands-on experiments from environmental disciplines of science. By using the scientific method, recording data and running experiments, students will study and connect with the natural world.
The Wildness Week June 24-28 $220
Do you know how to catch a fish, where to find frogs or how to copy the call of a red-winged blackbird Do you want to learn how to find pure water and build a temporary living place We'll give you the outdoor skills to discover the hidden wonders of nature.
Animal Antics July 8-12 $230
From the common squirrel to the mysterious wind scorpion, the ELC is home to an abundance of wildlife. We'll spend the week studying them through exploration, observation and experimentation.
Outdoor-ologists July 22-26 $260
Ever wonder what it takes to spend a career out in nature This week of camp will focus on learning about all the different sorts of people who work outside.
Refund Policy
Cancellations made on or prior to March 20 will be refunded at 100%. Cancellations made between March 21 and April 17 will lose the $50 deposit. After April 17 and up to two weeks prior to the first day of camp, a 50% refund will be given. After two weeks prior, no refunds will be given.
1. What ability can you learn from The Wildness Week
A. To interpret the singing of birds.
B. To experiment on wild animals.
C. To get along with wild animals.
D. To survive well in the wild.
2. Which camp will provide information relevant to working in the wild
A. Outdoor-ologists.
B. Animal Antics.
C. The Wildness Week.
D. Young Experimenters.
3. How much will you get if you cancel your reservation for Animal Antics on April 6
A. $230. B. $180. C. $115. D. $50.
答案
1. D 2. A 3. B
3 三年模拟 (2024重庆拔尖强基联盟联考)
主题：人与植物
“What are those ” Jennifer asked me. I looked over at two large raised beds(苗圃) and answered, “Those are potatoes.”
In class, she usually 1 herself in the work in front of her. Today, however, she frowned. “But...” she started with her voice fading to a 2 . With a sinking feeling I knew where this 3 was going. “But they're green,” she started again. “Well, the bits we eat—the 4 —are brown, while what you are looking at is the part above the soil,” I tried my hardest not to sound 5 .
Looking 6 , Jennifer shook her head. I knew the situation certainly called for immediate 7 . I reached over to the potato plant, 8 it by its branches and leaves, and pulled. As the plant was 9 into the air, several large tubers(块茎) dropped onto the ground. I held the plant high in the air, 10 a few more potatoes that were still attached to the roots.
Jennifer stood with a shocked look on her face. I held one out for her to touch. As she took the potato in her hand, understanding 11 across her face. Once 12 from the stems and leaves, the tuber was now something that she recognized. 13 , she smiled and said, “I had no idea where they came from.”
For me, that best 14 how much pupils seem to know about their food and its production. This is why I started an eco-garden at school. We need pupils to be given opportunities to interact with nature and inspired to be 15 of the world around them.
1. A. trapped B. seated C. buried D. hated
2. A. cry B. doubt C. mess D. whisper
3. A. understanding B. conversation C. tendency D. secret
4. A. beds B. plants C. leaves D. roots
5. A. superior B. ridiculous C. innocent D. reasonable
6. A. confused B. disappointed C. excited D. encouraged
7. A. explanation B. effect C. action D. care
8. A. dug B. tidied C. grabbed D. covered
9. A. cast B. raised C. delivered D. launched
10. A. taking B. handing C. keeping D. demonstrating
11. A. disappeared B. froze C. returned D. spread
12. A. removed B. made C. transformed D. protected
13. A. Apparently B. Eventually C. Fortunately D. Unexpectedly
14. A. takes up B. sums up C. looks up D. makes up
15. A. fond B. certain C. critical D. proud
答案
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. C
组合练三:语法填空&应用文写作
1 五年高考 (2021新高考Ⅰ) 主题：自然探索
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. 1. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 2. (human)are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 3. (undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 4. (hot) the spring! Strange, isn't it But that's how nature is—always leaving us 5. (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard it 6. (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 7. offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 8. (ache)legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in 9. (I). While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is 10. must to visit!
答案
1. What 2. humans 3. undoubtedly 4. hotter 5. astonished 6. was 7. and 8. aching
9. mine 10. a
2 三年模拟 (2025届福建泉州高中毕业班质量监测一)
(介绍)假定你是李华,上周你们班在清源山风景区上了一堂体育课。请你给新西兰朋友Terry写一封邮件分享这次经历,内容包括:
1. 你参与的活动;
2. 你的感想。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Dear Terry,
I'm writing to share with you a PE class I had at Qingyuan Mountain last week.
Best regards,
Li Hua
答案
One possible version:
Dear Terry,
I'm writing to share with you a PE class I had at Qingyuan Mountain last week. During the class, we participated in fresh outdoor activities in the scenic area.
I engaged in a hike up the mountain trails, where we enjoyed breathtaking views and fresh air. Our hiking started from the foot of the mountain to the viewing platform on the hillside, with some rest halfway to admire the leaves and ancient buildings.
The experience was refreshing. Being surrounded by nature made the physical activities less tiring. And under my teacher's guidance, we have learned to better treasure the local culture.
I hope you find this experience interesting!
Best regards,
Li Hua
组合练四:阅读(2)&七选五
1 五年高考 (2022全国甲,B) 主题：人与动物
Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
2. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text
A. Using a key to unlock a door.
B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole.
D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos
A. How far they are able to see.
B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4. Which can be a suitable title for the text
A. Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers
B. Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos:Clever Signal-Readers
D. Cockatoos:Skilful Shape-Sorters
答案
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. D
2 三年模拟 (2024云南一模,C) 主题：人与动物
Almost all new parents struggle to get enough sleep while caring for their newborns. For some penguin(企鹅) parents, though, periods of sleep are especially short.
Researchers recently found that Chinstrap penguins only sleep for about four seconds at a time in order to protect their eggs and newborn chicks. They do this thousands of times throughout the day. The short “microsleeps” total around 11 hours each day. The microsleeps appear to be enough to keep the parents going for many weeks.
Niels Rattenborg, a sleep researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence in Germany, said, “What's surprising is that the penguins are able to function okay and successfully raise their young.”
Chinstrap penguins usually lay their eggs in November in nests made up of small rocks. Mated(交配的) pairs share parenting responsibilities. One parent usually watches the eggs and chicks alone while the other goes off to fish for family meals. Adult penguins don't face many natural enemies in the mating season. But large birds called brown skuas eat the penguin eggs and small chicks. Other adult penguins may also try to steal the small rocks from the nests, so penguin parents must always be on guard.
For the first time, scientists tracked the sleeping behavior of Chinstrap penguins. They did this by attaching devices that measure brain waves. They collected data on 14 adults over 11 days on King George Island off the coast of Antarctica.
Won Young Lee, a biologist at the Korean Polar Research Institute, thought of the idea for the study when he saw breeding penguins often blinking(眨) their eyes and apparently sleeping. But the team needed to record brain waves to confirm the animals were sleeping. “For these penguins, microsleeps have some restorative functions,” he said. He added that they couldn't make it without microsleeps.
The researchers didn't collect sleep data outside the mating season. But they suspect that the penguins may sleep for longer periods at other times of the year.
1. What have researchers found about Chinstrap penguins
A. They take turns to take care of the young.
B. They can sleep for several seconds at a time.
C. They rest for 11 hours in a row every day.
D. They behave poorly due to lack of sleep.
2. What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A. The habitats of the penguins.
B. The living habits of the penguins.
C. The mating seasons of the penguins.
D. The natural enemies of the penguins.
3. Which of the following might Won Young Lee agree with
A. Microsleeps of the penguins matter in the mating season.
B. It's difficult to record brain waves of the penguins.
C. The penguins may sleep longer than people believe.
D. More funds are needed to further study the penguins.
4. Where is the text most probably taken from
A. A book review. B. A travel brochure. C. A science journal. D. A chemistry textbook.
答案
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
3 三年模拟 (2025届河北衡水部分高中一模)
主题：自然探索
Standing on a hill at Cliveden Gardens on a sunny winter day, its dark-green lake surrounded by centuries-old trees took my breath away. 1. It's just a local park near London that I'd never heard of during my eight years living in the UK. As I admired the serene garden, it taught me a lesson about the British culture of understatement.
“The English landscape is more beautiful because its beauty is understated,” my friend Will said to me later as we walked through an exhibition at Tate Britain. He pointed to a painting of a peaceful countryside. “This is the landscape I grew up with”, he said. Unlike grand waterfalls or wild forests, this scenery doesn't shout about its beauty. 2.
I wonder if Chinese tourists will explore beyond London. 3. Indeed, Oxford and Cambridge and the beloved Lake District National Park are some iconic symbols of Britain. But it would be a pity if they miss out on the lesser-known parts of the English landscape.
4. I remember a straight-A classmate once telling me he “survived exams” and another friend from Oxford introducing himself as “studying in the countryside”. This modesty also has its mirror in Chinese culture. I remember my parents' telling me to work hard but not to brag about my achievements. Chinese culture is full of proverbs such as “real gold will shine sooner or later”, to encourage long-term dedication to one's chosen area of expertise.
Experiencing both cultures, I've realized that the English and Chinese both express achievements with understatement. 5. It reflects the unspoken charm in both British and Chinese traditions. And it's an off-the-beaten-path attraction well worth exploration.
A. Cliveden isn't a famous holiday place.
B. Rather, its beauty is reserved for the locals only.
C. I've been impressed by British humor all the time.
D. They tend to prefer places with a strong reputation.
E. But the more I looked, the more I saw its quiet elegance.
F. Over the years, I've become familiar with British modesty.
G. This mix makes me appreciate the unusual beauty of Cliveden.
答案
1. A 2. E 3. D 4. F 5. G
组合练五:阅读(2)&完形
1 三年模拟 (2024江西赣州三模,C) 主题：植物
“Help!” “Land here!” “Conserve resources!” “Get off!” “My fruits are ready to eat!” These are just some of the many messages we know plants can send.
To react to the environment, a single plant must communicate among its roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Instead of signals moving through a nervous system like ours, Simon Gilroy, a professor of botany at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, says, in plants, it's more like plumbing(管路系统). Electrical signals travel through the movement of chemicals in those tubes, explains Courtney Jahn, a biologist who studies plant interactions. For example, roots can detect drought and tell leaves to limit transpiration(蒸腾作用) and conserve water.
Researchers can observe this electrical communication by placing devices in two different places on a plant. We've even made instruments that can translate that electric charge into sounds we can hear. If a plant is wounded, electrical signals come out of that wound, Gilroy says. And plants can pass these electrical signals between individuals if they are touching. Researchers found that with special microphones that detect bat calls, you can hear plants, too. They are listening to these sounds to find new methods to diagnose, treat, and monitor plants without touching them.
As humans, we may not be able to naturally hear them, but we can often smell plant messages. When grass is cut, it releases chemicals—a signal of asking for help. This smelly signal belongs to a group of chemicals called volatiles, which can travel far as gases both above and below ground. Each plant species has its own special volatile compounds. Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University, says these volatile compounds have many different functions. Volatiles can draw in pollinators(传粉昆虫) when a flower is ready, and even direct them to flowers, while some are sent from leaves to deter animals that feed on only plants.
So, next time you walk on some grass or pick a flower, remember that the poor injured plant might be screaming out to its neighbours.
1. Why is the example given in Paragraph 2
A. To clarify how chemicals travel in a plant.
B. To describe how the roots of a plant work well.
C. To confirm a plant has a nervous system.
D. To show a plant can communicate internally.
2. How do plants pass electrical signals to others
A. By using their wounds.
B. By touching each other.
C. By detecting electric charge.
D. By changing them into sounds.
3. What does the underlined word “deter” in Paragraph 4 mean
A. Preserve. B. Attract. C. Drive away. D. Turn to.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. The Secret Language of Plants
B. The Incredible Power of Nature
C. The Value of Interacting with Wildlife
D. The Trick of Getting Along with Nature
答案
1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
2 三年模拟 (2024福建部分地市第一次质量检测,D)
主题：人与植物
On the streets of Manhattan and Washington, D.C., in neighborhoods in Seoul and parks in Paris, ginkgo(银杏) trees are losing their leaves in reaction to the first gust of cold winter air. This leaf drop, gradual at first, and then sudden, carpets streets with golden, fan-shaped leaves. Scientists are documenting evidence of the event happening later and later, a possible indication of climate change. But the story of ginkgos is not the familiar one of human carelessness with nature.
Thanks to fossils found in North Dakota, scientists found a ginkgo has genetically similar ancestors dating back 170 million years to the Jurassic period. “It almost went extinct. Then humans rescued it and spread it around the world. It's such a great evolutionary(进化) and cultural story,” says Peter Crane, a ginkgo expert.
One theory is that the decline of the ginkgo species began 130 million years ago, when flowering plants began spreading. They grew faster and attracted more pollinators(传粉者) than ginkgos. “It's possible that ginkgos were elbowed out of the way,” says Crane. Already competing to survive, ginkgos began to disappear during a time of global cooling that began around 66 million years ago. By the time the last ice age ended 11,500 years ago, the remaining survivors were found in China.
Ginkgo fruits are smelly. “My guess is that they were eaten by animals that liked smelly things. They then passed through their body and grew,” says Crane. Those same seeds may have helped ginkgos find favor with humans 1,000 years ago. Without their outer layer, ginkgo seeds are safe to eat. It's then, when the trees had long since disappeared elsewhere, that people in China may have begun planting them and eating their seeds. Then gradually ginkgos spread across the world. Now it's seemingly naturally resistant to insects and high levels of air pollution.
Crane isn't worried about its future: The popularity of the species will help it survive. “Though its status in the wild may be difficult to access, it's a plant that's unlikely to ever go extinct,” he says.
1. What may have caused the further delay of ginkgos' leaf drop
A. The colder weather in winter.
B. The protection from city councils.
C. The global warming phenomenon.
D. The careless interaction with humans.
2. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. The reasons why ginkgos almost died out.
B. The advantages of ginkgos over other plants.
C. The theories of experts about multiplying ginkgos.
D. The competition between various flowering plants.
3. What might have contributed to ginkgos' survival
A. Their eatable seeds.
B. Their unpleasant smell.
C. The natural evolution.
D. The careful planting.
4. How does Crane feel about ginkgos' future
A. Worried. B. Optimistic. C. Uncertain. D. Hopeless.
答案
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B
3 三年模拟 (2024黑龙江三模) 主题：自然探索
I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn't until I saw a 1 about cave diving in senior high school, in which I watched divers pass by sea urchins(海胆), that I realized I wanted to 2 cave animals. The video didn't mention the 3 in those underwater houses, but I 4 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to learn about their 5 , which meant I needed to study them in their 6 habitat.
Cave diving requires special 7 . In this photo taken during a sampling trip in March in Belize, you can see that I was carrying lights and navigation tools, and bringing extra air tanks. I was using a net and test tubes to collect tiny and nearly 8 animals floating in the water. Since then, I've come to 9 that caves are full of life: shrimps, sea stars and sea urchins, all 10 the low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 11 in many ways. If pollutants get underground, they can 12 affect many ecosystems.
The cave ecosystem is suffering from climate change. If we didn't take action to 13 these amazing caves, they could be gone before we have the 14 to fully understand them. And everything that makes them unique would 15 , too.
1. A. film B. story C. paper D. book
2. A. adopt B. feed C. rescue D. study
3. A. caves B. creatures C. views D. divers
4. A. believed B. dreamed C. doubted D. disagreed
5. A. photos B. ecology C. names D. news
6. A. artificial B. shallow C. modern D. natural
7. A. time B. equipment C. information D. space
8. A. starving B. valuable C. invisible D. dying
9. A. deny B. promise C. learn D. imagine
10. A. adapting to B. appealing to C. breaking up D. clearing up
11. A. created B. mirrored C. linked D. interpreted
12. A. suddenly B. barely C. originally D. negatively
13. A. conserve B. explore C. decorate D. construct
14. A. permission B. desire C. decision D. chance
15. A. happen B. return C. disappear D. begin
答案
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. C 10. A 11. C 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
组合练六:语法填空(2)&应用文写作
1 三年模拟 (2024辽宁沈阳一模) 主题：人与自然
Dayushan Island is located in Fuding, Fujian province, known 1. its untouched nature, green grasslands and attractive coastlines.
Its coast is eroded(侵蚀) by seawater, 2. (reveal) bare bedrock and reefs. But the thick trees accommodate tens of thousands of migratory birds. It 3. (list) in the “Top 10 of the most beautiful islands in China” by Chinese National Ge
