现在完成时
一、定义
1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例：我们已经吃早餐了。We have had breakfast. （这个动作对现在的影响是：饱了）
2、表示过去开始的某个动作或状态，持续到现在，（还有可能持续到将来。）
例：我已经在这里住了十年了。I have lived here for ten years. （动作持续到现在）
二、构成：主语+_____________+_________(+其他)
注：________ 用于第三人称单数。 例：She ______ already _______(finish) the work.
【课堂练习】肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句
have和has在这里是___________，变否定要在have或has后加_______，变疑问要把have或has_________。
1、翻译句子：学生们已经打扫完教室。________________________________________
2、变否定句：________________________________________
3、变一般疑问句：_______________________________________
三、过去分词的变化
动词规则的过去式和过去分词变化规则一样：
1、一般直接词尾加_______
2、以e结尾只加_______
3、以辅音字母加y结尾，______________________
4、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，_______________________
动词不规则的过去式和过去分词只能特别记！（见书后表格）
【课堂练习】
be (am, is, are)- - buy- -
do(does) - - plan- -
find- - visit- -
play- - go- -
have- - come- -
live- - put - -
run - - study- -
see- - write- -
四、常见考点
1、现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与_________ (已经)，_______ (刚刚)，________ (还) ，________ (以前)，_______ (从不)，_______ (曾经)，___________ (到目前为止)，表示次数的_________ (一次)，_________ (两次)等连用。
2、动作从过去开始，并持续到现在，可能还会继续下去，通常与______ + 时间段/从句，_______ + 过去时间点，since then ( )，in the last/past+时间段等连用。
【快速选择】for 或since
_________2002 __________ten years _______three years ago
_________she was a baby _________more than two months
3、already用于肯定句，意为“已经”；yet用于否定句和疑问句，放句末；just可用于现在完成时肯定句，表示“刚刚”。
例：-Has your sister finished reading ________ -Yes. She has _______ finished.
yet; yet B. yet; already C. already; yet D. already; already
注：带already的肯定句变成否定句或疑问句时，要将already变成yet放在句末。
4、辨析have been to; have gone to; have been in
have been to 去过已回
have gone to 去了未回
have been in 在某地待了一段时间
【课堂练习】
1) 我去过北京两次。I ________________ Beijing twice.
2) 他在伦敦已经待了半年了。 He ______________ London for half a year.
3) 他不在办公室，他去图书馆了。
He isn’t in the office and he _____________ the library.
5、表示短暂时间动作的词，如buy, go, open, die, marry, buy, leave, begin等的完成时不能与之连用。
begin/start → _______ come back → ________
close →________ open →_________
die → ________ leave → be_______(_____)
borrow → _________ buy → ________
join → be ______/ be __________ finish/ end → _________
marry →__________ become →_________
catch a cold → ________ a cold put on → _______ (穿)/ be ______ (上演)
fall asleep → ____________ wake up →_________
begin/start → be on come back → be back
close →be closed open →be open
die → be dead leave → be away (from)
borrow → keep buy → have
join → be in/ be a member of finish/ end → be over
marry →be married become →be
catch a cold → have a cold put on → wear(穿)/ be on(上演)
fall asleep → be asleep wake up →be awake
6、现在完成时与一般过去时的比较
一般过去时常与表示过去时间的具体时间标志词，如：yesterday，just now，时间+ago，last +时间，in+过去的年份等连用，表示动作在过去那时已经结束，现在完成时的动作也发生在过去，但强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
【基础练习】
( )1、David ________ in China for ten years.
A．live B．has lived C．lives D．have lived
( )2、Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
( )3、Mr. Brown ________ New York twice.
A．have been to B．has gone to C．has been to D．has been in
( )4、—Where is Han Mei now
—She _______ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A. has gone B. has been C. goes D. had gone
( )5、—_____ you ____ to the United Stated
—No, never, but I went to Canada a few years ago
A. Have; been B. Have; gone C. Did; go D. Do; go
( ) 6、The great wall is a very nice film. I ________it twice.
will see B. have seen C. seen D. see
( )7、—Look, the light is still on in Helen’s office.
—Maybe she __________ her work yet.
A. doesn’t finish B. won’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. didn’t finish
( )8、—Is Richard still living here？
—No, he _______ to Paris already.
A. had moved B. move C. will move D. has moved
( )9、—The movie is popular. ________ you ________ it yet
—Yes, I have.
A. Were; watching B. Are; watching C. Have; watched D. Will; watch
( )10、I ________ twenty English songs since last year.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn
( )11、Jack ______ many “thank you” cards from his students in the past few days.
A. would receive B. had received C. will receive D. has received
( )12、—May I speak to Ann
—Sorry, she __________ Hangzhou.
A. were to B. has been to C. went to D. has gone to
( )13、—Would you like to see the movie Zootopia (《疯狂动物城》) with us
—I’ d love to! But I ________ it twice.
A. saw B. see C. will see D. have seen
( )14、Last year our class had a Reading Corner. So far，we ______ more than 200 books.
A. were reading B. have read C. will read D. read
( )15、He left school three years ago and since then he __________ as a teacher.
A. works B. worked C．has worked D．is working
【强化练习】
( ) 16、—Excuse me, may I use your dictionary I ________ mine behind.
—Sure. Here you are.
A. leave B. have left C. will leave D. was leaving
( ) 17、—Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet
—Yes, I _____ it last night.
A. have, see B. have, have seen C. had, seen D. have, saw
( ) 18、She has ________ from her hometown for nearly ten years.
A．left B．gone away C．to leave D．been away
( ) 19、—How many English words do you know
—Well, I ________ 2, 000 English words since I started to learn English.
A．learn B．learned C．have learned D．will learn
( ) 20、 I ________ this bike last year, and I ________ it for nearly one year.
A. bought; have had B. have bought; have
C. bought; have bought D. bought; bought
( ) 21、We______to learn English five years ago. We ______ it for five years up to now.
A. began; learned B. begin: have learned
C. have begun; had learned D. began; have learned
( ) 22、—________ you ever ________ to Nanjing
—Yes. I ________ there last year.
A．Have; been; went B．Have; gone; went
C．Did; go; have been D．Did; go; have gone
