第03讲 必修3 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．A peaceful environment is of great importance to (globe) development.
2．Even if (invite), I won’t attend the get-together.
3．It is (absolute) necessary to follow the safety rules in the factory.
4．The professor gave speech on the (vary) forms of education and a variety of methods.
5．It’s a fast-growing fish that can grow to a (long) of over 4 feet in its first year.
6．I’d also like to draw your attention to the (economy) benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
7．The blogger stepped back appearing puzzled and put up her hands, as if in (defend).
8．By the early 20th Century, the wild turkey neared （extinct）as its available habitat decreased.
9．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger.
10．Spanish is the main (office) language of Peru.
11．To my (relieve), all the students arrived home timely and safely.
12．She ran all the way up to the station, only (find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before.
13．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment.
14．The (donate) will be the largest ever to the management school by one of its graduates.
15．As we are playing, I looked up and saw daddy in the (distant).
16．Although I think I’ve made much progress in Chinese, I still feel there is a lot （improve） on.
17．I wonder whether their (react) is positive or negative makes a great difference to us.
18．Today, the Internet has become one of the most (power) tools for people all over the world.
19．She was so (scare) during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
20．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm
21．The house (belong) to Mr Green’s family for 50 years will be pulled down next week.
22．The (major) of people prefer to pay by Alipay, especially the youth.
23．He said he would be late home, because he had several packages (deliver) that night.
24． (face) higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive.
25．It is worthwhile (consider) the suggestion put forward at the conference.
26．Most travel agencies now make their travel (arrange) meet individual needs.
27．The coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. (Obvious), I was unhappy.
28．He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally (aware) of the potential risk.
29．Generally (speak), naughty boys like to speak in class.
30． (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
31．Knowing the history of Tang Dynasty will be very (benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
32．Greatly (encourage), we made up our mind to go on with the training.
33．Ancient Greece was a fountain of (wise) and philosophy.
34．He can’t express himself freely due to his (limit) vocabulary.
35．The movie, (title) Echoes of the Past, explores the emotional journey of a young woman.
36．Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with (science) methods.
37．A (short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief.
38．Here, friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble (share) becomes a trouble halved!
39．It is possible to multiply (bacterium) and other living organisms in the laboratory.
40．It is your (responsible) to give the company two weeks notice if you decide to leave.
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The hiker found a hidden cave (在……下方) the big rock while walking up the mountain.
42．When (作曲) music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes.
43．Dirty water is not allowed to pour into the river unless (处理).
44．The south of the country was worst affected by the (旱灾).
45．In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when (怀疑) of drug dealing.
46．The new policy has a positive (影响) on the environment.
47．Despite her family’s (贫穷), she managed to excel in school and earn a scholarship to university.
48．He broke a (树枝) from the tree and used it as a stick.
49．The police officer gave us the (信号) to stop.
50．In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be (委派;任命) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
51．The (飓风) is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning.
52．She started a paper-cutting studio in the Grape Valley, one of the well-known tourist (目的地) in the city. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
53．Rocks were seen (滚落) down from the hill when the earthquake happened.
54．Have you (确认) the WI-FI password
55．Emergency (程序) are in need to help people face the unexpected.
56．The new medicine offers immediate (轻松) from pain, providing patients with comfort and improved quality of life.
57．There was a (急剧的) turn in the road, so I slowed down.
58．Though (缺少) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
59．She burst into tears, (发泄； 释放) all her pent-up anxiety.
60．The boy had difficulty computer games, which annoyed him so much.(放弃)
61． natural beauty is the main purpose for most people who go travelling abroad.(欣赏，赞赏)
62．With the new key card, we finally got (使用的机会) to the restricted area.
63．The girl was wearing a pair of pink (靴子).
64．With quicker and easier access to the Internet, we can find amounts of information from (秘诀) for cooking to military affairs.
65．If nobody objects, the meeting will (推迟) till next week.
66．We should pay attention to the noise (产生) by the machines in the factory.
67．It is said that the vase (出土) a couple of days ago dates back to the Tang Dynasty. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
68．Mary took (掌管) of the company after she graduated from Cambridge last year.
69．We should make joint efforts to make sure the concert (赞助) by the three companies will go smoothly.
70．The sudden drop in stock prices (表明) a potential economic downturn.
题型三 重点短语词组
71．当这座博物馆建成后，它将于明年向公众开放。
, the museum will be open to the public next year.
72．不过，这有时会很紧张，这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which makes me feel anxious.
73．是时候摆脱这些坏习惯，采取行动保护环境了。
It’s time to these bad habits and take action to protect the environment.
74．A good idea him suddenly he had supper yesterday.
昨天吃晚饭的时候，他突然想到一个好主意。
75． the early bus, he got up at 5 o'clock.
为了赶上早班车，他五点钟就起床了。
76．使我们感到宽慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家。
, the missing child returned home ten days later.
77．I saw several young people enter the waiting area, .
我看到几个年轻人进了等候区，好奇地四处张望。
78．同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
The four countries that the United Kingdom .
79．被他鼓舞人心的话语所感动，她潸然泪下。
his words, she burst into tears.
80．老人安慰那个被他人取笑的孩子。
The old man comforted the child by others.
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）Nine months ago, some men entered the Amazon rainforest to install the Internet. The Marubo tribe — who have lived for centuries along the Itui river-had asked to be connected via Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite network, so they could call for help in life-threatening situations and stay in touch with relatives having moved away.
“When it arrived, everyone was happy,” one of the Marubo elders said. “But now, things have gotten worse.” Many members of the tribe — especially the teenagers — have addicted themselves to their phones all day, chatting online or brushing videos.
The Marubo elders have tried to restore order by limiting screen time. They worry the damage being done to their young. The traditionally modest tribe are now having to deal with boys watching blue films and sharing horrible videos. Parents also worry about their children acting out after playing violent video games, and being targeted by strangers on social media. Marubo culture and history have been passed down orally for generations, creating a strong sense of identity. But now everyone is staring at their phones. One of the Marubo leaders sighs: “Everyone is so connected that they don’t even talk to their own family.’’ How to deal with it
Would we all behave differently if we could see ourselves from the wiser point of old age Luckily, there may soon be an app for that. Researchers at MIT have designed an Al-powered chatbot that can simulate an old version of the user, and offer wise advice from the future. The Al uses the results of a personalised questionnaire to generate synthetic (合成) memories of the life you haven’t lived. Then it digitally enhances your profile picture to make you look old, and wears this face to adopt your elderly image. You can then quiz it about what will happen to you in the future, creating different outcomes by adjusting the answers in your questionnaire.
Pat Pataranutapom, who devised the chatbot, says conversations with your older self can promote long-term thinking and behaviour change. You might, for example, finally study hard if Old You starts blaming Young You for your wasting time.
I wonder what it would say to the teenagers of the Marubo
1．Why does the author take the Marubo tribe for example
A．To state the world’s urgent need for the Internet.
B．To prove unexpected side effects of the Internet.
C．To present the wide coverage of the Internet.
D．To introduce the topic of culture shock.
2．What makes Marubo elders concerned at present
A．Their survival crisis due to living in the rainforest.
B．Their failure to get in touch with their relatives.
C．Teenagers’ refusal to learn Marubo culture.
D．Young people’s addiction to the Internet.
3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．How the Al-powered chatbot functions.
B．Why the older one gets, the wiser one gets.
C．What benefits an AI-powered chatbot bring.
D．How AI designs a personalised questionnaire.
4．What’s Pat’s attitude to the effect of the Al-powered chatbot
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Positive. D．Negative.
（2025·河北·模拟预测）August Lamm, a writer, artist and former art influencer, hasn’t owned a smartphone since 2022. Her journey to give up the smartphone began shortly after graduating from college, when she started posting pictures of her art online and got hundreds of thousands of followers. “Everything that I shared online — about my love life or my vacations or my house — all these pictures and words were feeding into my business so they would result in sales,” Lamm said. Ultimately, she said, the pressure to keep that up became too much, and she reached a breaking point.
At first, Lamm tried to put her phone in a drawer and didn’t look at it for a whole day, which she said “was very inconvenient to everyone in my life”. It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. Her dumbphone offers only basic calling and texting.
Still, there are certain things that may feel impossible to navigate without smartphones, since they are more than just texting and scrolling (滚动) through social media. In 2025, these devices function as virtual wallets, health trackers, identification tools, and even personal assistants. However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. “You figure out these solutions by asking,” Lamm said, “like asking the parking company if they can give you another option when you can’t use parking meter (计时器), and a lot of the time they will”
When it comes to her career, Lamm says she earns more money now than she ever did as an influencer online. That’s because now she only does the actual work, rather than spending hours and hours crafting posts. “When I stopped posting I sought out income sources that existed before social media: agencies, magazines, galleries, publishers, she said. “If I hadn't spent thousands of hours trying to build a following, I could have spent that time going to galleries, taking classes, meeting people, making connections, organizing events, submitting to exhibitions and otherwise making a name for myself in the real world. I could have improved more quickly if I had not prioritized online visibility over creative development”
1．What made August Lamm decide to give up the smartphone
A．Her addiction to the smartphone.
B．The stress from social networking.
C．Her pressure from the busy college life.
D．The sense of duty to help her followers.
2．Why does the author mention the circumstances in 2025 in paragraph 3
A．To stress the diversity of solutions to phone addiction.
B．To illustrate people can live well without smartphones.
C．To state the close connection between man and devices.
D．To give the fact that people are often interrupted by phones.
3．What message does August Lamm want to convey in the last paragraph
A．One can be less reliant on social media.
B．Use smartphones only when necessary.
C．Social media do more harm than good.
D．Dumbphones are making a comeback.
4．How can we best describe August Lamm according to the text
A．Responsible and strict. B．Determined and adaptable.
C．Generous and charitable. D．Fashionable and knowledgeable.
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving in secondary school — in which I 1 divers glide past massive stalactites (钟乳石) — that I 2 I wanted to study cave animals. The video didn’t mention the creatures 3 in those underwater houses, but I 4 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology, which meant I needed to study them in their 5 habitat.
Cave diving requires 6 equipment and coordinated (协调) groups. I 7 carry lights and navigation tools, and bring extra air tanks. During trips, I use nets and test tubes to collect tiny, nearly 8 animals floating in the water. We’ve come to understand that caves are full of life: shrimp, sea stars and worms, all 9 life in low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 10 in many ways. In places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles 11 water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral reefs. If pollutants get 13 , they can affect these ecosystems. I’m researching the resilience (恢复力) of cave ecosystems to climate change.
If we don’t 14 these mysterious places, they could be gone before we have the 15 to understand them. And everything that makes them unique will disappear too.
1．A．watched B．heard C．sensed D．felt
2．A．admitted B．noticed C．reminded D．realized
3．A．hiding B．living C．floating D．sleeping
4．A．knew B．learned C．doubted D．ensured
5．A．reasonable B．comfortable C．modern D．natural
6．A．expensive B．special C．fashionable D．beautiful
7．A．only B．ever C．always D．never
8．A．unbelievable B．valuable C．invisible D．attractive
9．A．adapted for B．appealed to C．devoted to D．prepared for
10．A．silenced B．mirrored C．linked D．encouraged
11．A．push B．absorb C．drink D．pollute
12．A．gets B．strikes C．rises D．flows
13．A．home B．spread C．there D．underground
14．A．conserve B．touch C．reach D．find
15．A．knowledge B．energy C．decision D．chance
（2025·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测）Millennials and Gen Z are falling hard for soft toys
At London's Selfridges department store, a Jellycat pop-up transformed the traditional fish and chip shop experience into a toy adventure. Customers could 1 cute fish toy accompanied with fluffy (毛绒绒的) lemons and soft peas instead of food. The cheapest item was priced at $25, twice the cost of a real meal. This 2 concept not only showcases the global surge in soft toy popularity but also highlights a new trend in consumer behavior.
The world has gone 3 for soft toys. TikTok videos tagged Plushies and featuring various stuffed creatures and objects, have been viewed around 8 billion times. Such is the 4 that shops have experienced stampedes (汹涌人潮) and the Jellycat pop-up required visitors to make reservations in advance. Labubu dolls, made by Chinese company Pop Mart, are particularly popular across Asia, 5 the widespread appeal of these soft toys.
Interestingly, it's not young children driving this demand but “kidults” aged 12 and above. In 2023, kids accounted for over a quarter of toy sales, 6 preschoolers as the largest age group for toy purchases. The craze began during the pandemic when teenagers and young adults, stuck at home, sought 7 in playthings. Social media pop psychologists advocate that 8 one's younger self through these toys can heal their inner child.
With many individuals 9 parenthood until their late 20s or early 30s, kidults have more income to spend on themselves. Collectors are not put off by steep prices; if anything, 10 adds appeal. Obtaining a rare plushie (毛绒玩具) can be similar to securing a hit concert ticket or a prized sports trading card, offering show-off rights. Celebrity support from figures such as Kim Kardashian and Lady Gaga further boost 11 .
Some critics argue that the plushie popularity symbolizes an infantilized (婴儿化的) generation. 12 , little treasures have thrived throughout history — from Cabbage Patch Kids in the 1980s to Beanie Babies in the 1990s. Dave Neale of Cambridge University suggests while specific toys may lose novelty over time, play itself remains broad and 13 , unlikely to fade away anytime soon.
For the time being, plushies remain 14 in bedrooms worldwide. When Paco the Salamander, a toy influencer, joked on TikTok that she was “ready to grow up” and get rid of her sizeable plushie collection, her followers 15 that “you’re never too old” to own them. As we move forward, the enduring charm of soft toys continues to engage audiences of all ages, offering comfort, joy, and a touch of nostalgia (怀旧) in a rapidly changing world.
1．A．exchange B．require C．purchase D．anticipate
2．A．insightful B．playful C．meaningful D．mindful
3．A．diversified B．soft C．messy D．advanced
4．A．request B．devotion C．promotion D．demand
5．A．illustrating B．influencing C．calculating D．exceeding
6．A．paralleling B．outnumbering C．stimulating D．cultivating
7．A．relief B．belief C．grief D．chief
8．A．contrasting B．wrestling C．recollecting D．prioritizing
9．A．assuming B．scheduling C．demanding D．delaying
10．A．security B．curiosity C．rarity D．availability
11．A．desirability B．sustainability C．sociability D．maturity
12．A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Furthermore
13．A．practical B．current C．blurred D．varied
14．A．fixtures B．alternatives C．innovation D．evolution
15．A．opposed B．suspected C．questioned D．insisted
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 1 (extinct).
A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 2 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 3 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts.
Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 4 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 5 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly.
Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 6 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 7 estimated 95,000 garden plants.
According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 8 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 9 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 10 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for.
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On December 30, 2021, a fast-moving wildfire in Superior, Colorado, 1 (destroy)Melanie Glover’s home and nearly 1,000 others. The pain of losing everything was great, but Glover was determined to rebuild 2 (use)earth blocks — a material used for thousands of years.
Earthen construction, with a rich history in regions like northern China, has long provided fire-resistant, temperature-regulating homes, 3 (evidence)by China’s ancient underground cave homes and mud-brick houses with natural materials. Due to modern construction methods, earthen homes have become 4 (popular)in the US. However, early research suggests that earth blocks consistently survive fire and can harden under heat. For instance, in 2020, 5 the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love’s earth home remained untouched while the 6 (surround)land burned.
Despite 7 (view)as a sustainable solution by homeowners like Glover, who combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern fire-resistance needs, building with earth remains 8 challenge due to its labor-intensive process and limited familiarity in mainstream construction. Glover’s rebuilding project required careful management, highlighting the broader challenges in promoting sustainable 9 (alternative).
Earthen architecture, which bridges ancient wisdom with modern crises, draws on China’s Neolithic(新石器時代)innovations 10 , through its rebirth, effortlessly integrates traditional knowledge with sustainable strategies to address the pressing environmental challenges of today.
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics.
2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water.
3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings.
（2024·全国甲卷·高考真题）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
（2025·全国二卷·高考真题）假定你是校英文报编辑李华，外教Chris上个月答应写一篇介绍加拿大体育运动的文章。请给 Chris写一封邮件，内容包括：
(1)询问进展；
(2)提醒交稿时间。
注意：
(1)写作词数应为80个左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes,
Li Hua
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()第03讲 必修3 词汇考点
目录 01 课标达标练 【题型一】易考单词变形 【题型二】核心单词拼写 【题型三】重点短语词组 02 核心突破练 【题型一】阅读词汇和短语 【题型二】完形词汇和短语 03 高考溯源练
01 课标达标练
题型一 易考单词变形
1．A peaceful environment is of great importance to (globe) development.
【答案】global
【详解】考查形容词。句意：和平的环境对全球发展至关重要。此处修饰名词development，应用形容词形式；globe（地球，世界）的形容词是 global，意为“全球的，全世界的”。故填global。
2．Even if (invite), I won’t attend the get-together.
【答案】invited
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：即使被邀请，我也不会参加聚会。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词。本句中从句完整形式为even if I am ______ (invite)，主语I和invite之间为被动关系，本空用过去分词，与空前的am构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填invited。
3．It is (absolute) necessary to follow the safety rules in the factory.
【答案】absolutely
【详解】考查副词。句意：在工厂里遵守安全规则是绝对必要的。修饰形容词necessary应用副词absolutely，作状语。故填absolutely。
4．The professor gave speech on the (vary) forms of education and a variety of methods.
【答案】various/varied
【详解】考查形容词。句意：教授就教育的不同形式和各种方法发表了演讲。空处修饰名词forms，需用形容词various/varied“各种各样的”，作前置定语。故填various/varied。
5．It’s a fast-growing fish that can grow to a (long) of over 4 feet in its first year.
【答案】length
【详解】考查名词。句意：这是一种生长迅速的鱼，在第一年就可以长到超过 4 英尺的长度。空格处位于不定冠词“a”和介词“of”之间，需用名词形式，long的名词形式为length表示“长度”，a length of为固定搭配，意为“…… 的长度”，符合语境。故填length。
6．I’d also like to draw your attention to the (economy) benefits factories have brought to Norgate.
【答案】economic
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我还想让你们注意到工厂给诺盖特带来的经济利益。提示词修饰名词benefits(利益)，用形容词economic作定语，表示“经济的”。故填economic。
7．The blogger stepped back appearing puzzled and put up her hands, as if in (defend).
【答案】defence
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个博主后退了一步，看起来很困惑，然后举起了手，好像在防御。in defence为固定短语，意为“防御，防卫”，名词defence作介词的宾语。故填defence。
8．By the early 20th Century, the wild turkey neared （extinct）as its available habitat decreased.
【答案】extinction
【详解】考查名词。句意：到20世纪初，随着可用栖息地的减少，野生火鸡接近灭绝。由句意及空前的the wild turkey neared可知应填名词形式extinction，作宾语，故填extinction。
9．His quick thinking and courage ensured his (survive) in the face of danger.
【答案】survival
【详解】考查名词。句意：他敏捷的思维和勇气确保了他在危险面前能够幸存下来。根据句意以及上文的his，此处需要用名词形式作宾语，survive 的名词形式是survival， 不可数名词，故填survival。
10．Spanish is the main (office) language of Peru.
【答案】official
【详解】考查形容词。句意：西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。根据句意以及空后language为名词可知，此处为形容词official“官方的”作定语修饰language，满足句意要求。故填official。
11．To my (relieve), all the students arrived home timely and safely.
【答案】relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：令我欣慰的是，所有学生都及时安全到家了。空格处需要填入一个名词，与前面的to my构成介词短语，且根据句意，表达“令人欣慰的是”之意的短语为to one’s relief。所给动词relieve的名词形式为relief。故填relief。
12．She ran all the way up to the station, only (find) that the train had left fifteen minutes before.
【答案】to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她一路跑到车站，却发现火车早在十五分钟前就开走了。此处是固定搭配：only to do意为“不料(却)……；结果(却)……”，不定式作结果状语。故填to find。
13．Scientists are urging less use of chemicals to reduce theirs (destroy) effects on the environment.
【答案】destructive
【详解】考查形容词。句意：科学家们正敦促减少使用化学药品以降低其对环境的破坏性影响。空处修饰名词effects，需用形容词形式，destroy的形容词为destructive，意为“破坏性的”。故填destructive。
14．The (donate) will be the largest ever to the management school by one of its graduates.
【答案】donation
【详解】考查名词。句意：这笔捐款将是管理学院有史以来最大的一笔毕业生捐款。根据定冠词The可知，此处应用其名词donation作主语，表示特指用单数。故填donation。
15．As we are playing, I looked up and saw daddy in the (distant).
【答案】distance
【详解】考查名词。句意：当我们在玩的时候，我抬头看见爸爸在远处。空处需要名词作介词的宾语。distant的名词形式为distance“远处”。in the distance“在远处”。故填distance。
16．Although I think I’ve made much progress in Chinese, I still feel there is a lot （improve） on.
【答案】to improve
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：虽然我认为我在中文方面取得了很大进步，但我仍然觉得还有很多地方需要改进。这里考查There be句型，句中“a lot ”是代词，指代“许多事情”，在句中作主语；所以此空应用动词不定式做“a lot”的定语，起修饰作用，表“值得改进的”。故填to improve。
17．I wonder whether their (react) is positive or negative makes a great difference to us.
【答案】reaction
【详解】考查名词。句意：我想知道他们的反应是积极的还是消极的对我们有很大的影响。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作从句主语，react的名词形式是reaction意为“反应”为不可数名词。故填reaction。
18．Today, the Internet has become one of the most (power) tools for people all over the world.
【答案】powerful
【详解】考查形容词。句意：今天，互联网已经成为全世界人们最强大的工具之一。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词tools，句子表示“互联网已经成为全世界人们最强大的工具之一”，空格处意为“强大的”，形容词是powerful。故填powerful。
19．She was so (scare) during the interview that she completely forgot how she should respond to the questions.
【答案】scared
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在面试中非常害怕，完全忘记了应该如何回答问题。此处表示她感觉害怕，空处应用形容词scared“感到害怕的”，作表语。故填scared。
20．Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility (keep) their neighbors from harm
【答案】to keep
【详解】考查非谓语。句意：这个村子里没有人觉得有责任保护邻居免受伤害吗？名词responsibility后面应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to keep。
21．The house (belong) to Mr Green’s family for 50 years will be pulled down next week.
【答案】belonging
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：属于格林先生家50年的房子下周将被拆除。句子的谓语为will be pulled down，所以空处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰名词The house，且belong与The house之间为主动关系，所以应用现在分词belonging作后置定语。故填belonging。
22．The (major) of people prefer to pay by Alipay, especially the youth.
【答案】majority
【详解】考查名词。句意：大多数人更喜欢用支付宝付款，尤其是年轻人。提示词作主语，用名词majority，意为“大多数”；the majority of是固定短语，意为“大多数……”。故填majority。
23．He said he would be late home, because he had several packages (deliver) that night.
【答案】to deliver
【详解】考查不定式。句意：他说他会晚回家，因为那天晚上他有几个包裹要派送。 “have sth. to do” 是固定结构，意为 “有某事要做”，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to deliver。
24． (face) higher import and export costs, the company is looking for ways to survive.
【答案】Facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面临着更高的进出口成本，这家公司正在寻找生存之道。句子已有谓语 is looking for，此处应用非谓语动词。the company与face 之间是主动关系，即 “公司面临……”，所以用现在分词 facing 作原因状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Facing。
25．It is worthwhile (consider) the suggestion put forward at the conference.
【答案】to consider/considering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：考虑会议上提出的建议是值得的。句中It is worthwhile to do/doing sth为固定短语，意为“做某事是值得的”，此处it为形式主语，不定式或者动名词为真正的主语。故填to consider或considering。
26．Most travel agencies now make their travel (arrange) meet individual needs.
【答案】arrangement
【详解】考查名词。句意：现在大多数旅行社都根据个人需求安排旅行。空处作宾语，需用名词arrangement。故填arrangement。
27．The coach told me that I didn’t play well enough. (Obvious), I was unhappy.
【答案】Obviously
【详解】考查副词。句意：教练告诉我，我打得不够好。显然，我不开心。修饰整个句子，用副词形式。obvious的副词形式为obviously，表示“明显地；显然”。根据句意，故填Obviously。
28．He drove at full speed and shot past the old man, totally (aware) of the potential risk.
【答案】unaware
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他全速开车，从老人身边飞过，完全没有意识到潜在的风险。分析句子可知，空格处应用形容词，作状语，根据句意可知，应用“unaware”，意为“没意识到的”，形容词词性。故填unaware。
29．Generally (speak), naughty boys like to speak in class.
【答案】speaking
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：一般来说，淘气的男孩喜欢在课堂上说话。generally speaking表示“一般来说”。可以视作插入语，其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。故答案是speaking。
30． (lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
【答案】Lost
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为陷入沉思，他几乎要撞上了他前面的汽车。动词lose和句子主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Lost。
31．Knowing the history of Tang Dynasty will be very (benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
【答案】beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意：了解唐朝的历史对你理解唐诗很有帮助。空格处用形容词作表语，benefit的形容词是beneficial，意为“有益的”。故填beneficial。
32．Greatly (encourage), we made up our mind to go on with the training.
【答案】encouraged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：受到极大的鼓舞，我们下定决心继续训练。此处为非谓语动词作状语，句中已有谓语made up our mind，且无其它连词，所以encourage应用非谓语动词形式，因encourage与逻辑主语we之间为被动关系，表示“我们被鼓舞”，且动作已经完成，所以应用过去分词形式。故填encouraged。
33．Ancient Greece was a fountain of (wise) and philosophy.
【答案】wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意：古希腊是智慧和哲学的源泉。作介词的宾语，用名词wisdom，不可数。故填wisdom。
34．He can’t express himself freely due to his (limit) vocabulary.
【答案】limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：由于他有限的词汇量，他不能自由地表达自己。提示词修饰名词vocabulary，用形容词limited作定语，意为“有限的”。故填limited。
35．The movie, (title) Echoes of the Past, explores the emotional journey of a young woman.
【答案】titled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部名为《 Echoes of the Past》的电影探索了一位年轻女性的情感之旅。The movie与title为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填titled。
36．Like his father, Martin earned his living as a farmer, but he grew crops with (science) methods.
【答案】scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意：像他的父亲一样，马丁以务农为生，但他用科学的方法种植庄稼。空格处作定语，修饰空格后的名词methods，用形容词scientific。故填scientific。
37．A (short) of funds is preventing the UN from monitoring relief.
【答案】shortage
【详解】考查名词。句意：资金短缺让联合国无法监管救济工作。a shortage of，表示“短缺”为固定短语。故填shortage。
38．Here, friendship has a double advantage — happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble (share) becomes a trouble halved!
【答案】shared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这里，友谊有双重优势——快乐有了更大的意义，分担的麻烦变成了减半的麻烦！空处修饰名词trouble，trouble与share构成被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
39．It is possible to multiply (bacterium) and other living organisms in the laboratory.
【答案】bacteria
【详解】考查名词的数。句意：在实验室里繁殖细菌和其他生物体是可能的。空处和organisms并列，作multiply“繁殖”的宾语，空前没有表示单数概念的修饰语，可数名词bacterium“细菌”应用复数形式bacteria。故填bacteria。
40．It is your (responsible) to give the company two weeks notice if you decide to leave.
【答案】responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意：如果你决定离职，你有责任提前两周通知公司。空前是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词作表语，responsible的名词形式是responsibility。故填responsibility。
题型二 核心单词拼写
41．The hiker found a hidden cave (在……下方) the big rock while walking up the mountain.
【答案】beneath
【详解】考查介词。句意：这位徒步旅行者在登山途中在那块大石头下面发现了一个隐蔽的洞穴。根据汉语提示可知用介词beneath，后跟名词作宾语。故填beneath。
42．When (作曲) music at the piano, he would put one end of a pencil in his mouth and place the other end against the instrument so that he could feel the notes.
【答案】composing
【详解】考查状语从句的省略。句意：当他在钢琴前作曲时，他会把铅笔的一端放进嘴里，另一端靠在乐器上，这样他就能感觉到音符。根据汉语提示“作曲”可知，此处为动词compose；此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略，完整形式为When he was composing music at the piano，当状语从句的主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，所以此处省略he was。故填composing。
43．Dirty water is not allowed to pour into the river unless (处理).
【答案】 processed
【详解】考查动词和状语从句的省略。句意：未经处理的污水是不允许排入河中的。根据汉语提示可知用动词process，unless引导的条件状语从句和主句主语一致，均为Dirty water，且Dirty water与process之间为被动关系，即unless dirty water is processed，从句和主句主语一致且从句中含有be动词，可以省略与Dirty water is，故用过去分词形式，故填processed。
44．The south of the country was worst affected by the (旱灾).
【答案】drought
【详解】考查名词。句意：该国南部受旱灾影响最为严重。根据汉语提示“旱灾”可知，此处应填 drought作宾语。故填drought。
45．In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when (怀疑) of drug dealing.
【答案】suspected
【详解】考查动词。句意：在撒马尔罕，比塞尔先生欣赏着那里的建筑奇观，而在前往布哈拉的途中，他在涉嫌毒品交易时尝到了警察的滋味。“suspect”作动词，有“怀疑”之意，“be suspected of”是固定搭配，表示“被怀疑（做某事）”。在时间状语从句中，如果主语与主句主语一致且含有 be 动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，这里主句主语是he，从句主语也是he，从句中有is，所以省略he和 is。故填suspected。
46．The new policy has a positive (影响) on the environment.
【答案】influence/impact/effect
【详解】考查名词。句意：新政策对环境有积极的影响。根据汉语提示“影响”可知，本空用名词influence或impact或effect，由不定冠词a可知，此处用名词单数形式，作has的宾语。故填influence/impact/effect。
47．Despite her family’s (贫穷), she managed to excel in school and earn a scholarship to university.
【答案】poverty
【详解】考查名词。句意：尽管家境贫寒，她仍在学校表现优异，并获得了大学奖学金。根据汉语提示“贫穷”及空前的所有格“family’s”可知，此处应填名词poverty，为不可数名词作介词Despite的宾语。故填poverty。
48．He broke a (树枝) from the tree and used it as a stick.
【答案】branch
【详解】考查名词。句意：他从树上折下一根树枝，把它当作棍子用。根据汉语提示“树枝”可知，此处应填名词branch，作宾语，结合空前不定冠词a可知，此处应用其单数形式。故填branch。
49．The police officer gave us the (信号) to stop.
【答案】signal
【详解】考查名词。句意：警察示意我们停下。根据汉语提示“信号”可知，用名词signal，此处为特指停下的信号，名词需用单数，作gave的宾语。故填signal。
50．In 1941, Dr Lin became the first Chinese woman ever to be (委派;任命) director of the OB-GYN department of the PUMC Hospital.
【答案】appointed
【详解】考查动词。句意：1941年，林博士成为第一位被任命为北京协和医院妇产科主任的中国女性。根据汉语提示“委派；任命”可知，空处应填动词appoint，且此处为不定式作后置定语，与逻辑主语Dr Lin构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故填appointed。
51．The (飓风) is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning.
【答案】hurricane
【详解】考查名词。句意：据预测，飓风将于明天上午到达海岸。根据句意和所给汉语提示可知，此处使用名词hurricane，意为“飓风”，在句中作主语。故填hurricane。
52．She started a paper-cutting studio in the Grape Valley, one of the well-known tourist (目的地) in the city. (根据中英文提示拼写单词)
【答案】destinations
【详解】考查名词。句意：她在葡萄沟开了一家剪纸工作室，葡萄沟是这座城市著名的旅游目的地之一。“目的地” 常见英文为 destination，one of + 可数名词复数，表示 “…… 之一”，所以此处要用复数形式destinations。故填destinations。
53．Rocks were seen (滚落) down from the hill when the earthquake happened.
【答案】rolling
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地震发生时，人们看到岩石从山上滚落下来。根据汉语提示“滚落”可知，此处应填动词roll，结合语境可知，此处是固定搭配see sb./sth. doing sth.，意为“看见某人/某物正在做某事”，其被动形式为sb./sth. be seen doing sth.，故空处应填现在分词作主语补足语。故填rolling。
54．Have you (确认) the WI-FI password
【答案】confirmed
【详解】考查动词。句意：你确认WI-FI密码了吗？“确认”应用动词confirm，且结合“Have”可知，时态为现在完成时，confirm应用过去分词的形式。故填confirmed。
55．Emergency (程序) are in need to help people face the unexpected.
【答案】procedures
【详解】考查名词。句意：需要有应急程序来帮助人们应对突发事件。“程序”作主语，用可数名词procedure，结合系动词are可知，主语是复数名词。故填procedures。
56．The new medicine offers immediate (轻松) from pain, providing patients with comfort and improved quality of life.
【答案】relief
【详解】考查名词。句意：这种新药能立即缓解疼痛，为患者提供舒适感并提高生活质量。根据汉语提示“轻松”可知，本空应填名词relief“减轻”，作offers的宾语。故填relief。
57．There was a (急剧的) turn in the road, so I slowed down.
【答案】sharp
【详解】考查形容词。句意：路中间有一个急转弯，所以我把车速降了下来。根据汉语提示可知用形容词sharp，修饰名词turn，作定语。故填sharp。
58．Though (缺少) money, his parents managed to send him to university.
【答案】lacking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然缺少钱，但他的父母还是想尽办法送他去上大学。根据汉语提示以及空后的money可知设空处为动词lack；lack在句中是非谓语，和though一起构成让步状语，且和其逻辑主语his parents之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，故填lacking。
59．She burst into tears, (发泄； 释放) all her pent-up anxiety.
【答案】releasing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她突然哭了起来，释放出所有压抑的焦虑。根据汉语提示“发泄；释放”可知，此处为动词release，句中已有谓语burst，release在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语She构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式releasing作状语。故填releasing。
60．The boy had difficulty computer games, which annoyed him so much.(放弃)
【答案】quitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个男孩很难戒掉电脑游戏，这让他十分苦恼。动词quit表示“放弃”符合语境，have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处需填quit的动名词形式。故填quitting。
61． natural beauty is the main purpose for most people who go travelling abroad.(欣赏，赞赏)
【答案】Admiring
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：欣赏自然美景是大多数出国旅行的人的主要目的。分析句子结构，此处作句子的主语，根据提示的汉语，表示“欣赏，赞赏”英文是admire，结合句意，此处表示抽象的动作或概念，使用动名词作主语，admire的动名词形式为admiring，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Admiring。
62．With the new key card, we finally got (使用的机会) to the restricted area.
【答案】access
【详解】考查名词。句意：有了新的钥匙卡，我们终于可以进入禁区了。根据汉语提示可知，此处应用名词access表示“使用的机会”作动词got的宾语，且access为不可数名词。故填access。
63．The girl was wearing a pair of pink (靴子).
【答案】boots
【详解】考查名词。句意：这个女孩穿着一双粉色的靴子。根据汉语提示“靴子”可知，此处用名词boot，作宾语，由a pair of可知，应用复数形式。故填boots。
64．With quicker and easier access to the Internet, we can find amounts of information from (秘诀) for cooking to military affairs.
【答案】recipes
【详解】考查名词。句意：随着更快更便捷地接入互联网，我们可以找到从烹饪秘诀到军事事务的大量信息。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填名词recipe“秘诀”，作介词from的宾语，为可数名词，前面没有限定词修饰，应用名词复数形式表示泛指。故填recipes。
65．If nobody objects, the meeting will (推迟) till next week.
【答案】be postponed
【详解】考查动词。句意：如果没有人反对，会议将推迟到下周。“推迟”应用动词postpone，postpone和主语the meeting之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且句子时态为一般将来时，be动词应用原形。故填be postponed。
66．We should pay attention to the noise (产生) by the machines in the factory.
【答案】generated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们应当留意工厂里机器所产生的噪音。根据汉语提示可知用动词generate，句中已有谓语should pay，空处作非谓语动词，generate与noise构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填generated。
67．It is said that the vase (出土) a couple of days ago dates back to the Tang Dynasty. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】unearthed
【详解】考查动词。句意：据说几天前出土的那个花瓶可以追溯到唐朝。根据汉语提示“出土”可知，此处用动词unearth，that引导的主语从句谓语为dates back to，此处为非谓语动词，且unearth与the vase之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式，作定语。故填unearthed。
68．Mary took (掌管) of the company after she graduated from Cambridge last year.
【答案】charge
【详解】考查名词。句意：玛丽去年从剑桥大学毕业后就掌管了这家公司。根据汉语提示“掌管”可知，此处为固定短语take charge of。故填charge。
69．We should make joint efforts to make sure the concert (赞助) by the three companies will go smoothly.
【答案】sponsored
【详解】考查动词。句意：我们应当共同努力，确保由这三家公司赞助的这场音乐会能够顺利举行。根据汉语提示可知，此处表示“赞助”用动词sponsor，与concert构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填sponsored。
70．The sudden drop in stock prices (表明) a potential economic downturn.
【答案】indicates
【详解】考查动词。句意：股价的突然下跌表明潜在的经济衰退。根据汉语提示“表明”可知，此处应填动词indicate，句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“The sudden drop”为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式indicates。故填indicates。
题型三 重点短语词组
71．当这座博物馆建成后，它将于明年向公众开放。
, the museum will be open to the public next year.
【答案】 When completed
【详解】考查状语从句和省略。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when；表示“完成”用动词complete，与museum构成被动关系，故用过去分词形式，此处省略主语和be动词，首字母大写。故填When completed。
72．不过，这有时会很紧张，这反过来又让我感到焦虑。
It can be quite stressful at times, though, which makes me feel anxious.
【答案】 in turn
【详解】考查介词短语。表示“反过来”使用介词短语in turn，故填①in②turn。
73．是时候摆脱这些坏习惯，采取行动保护环境了。
It’s time to these bad habits and take action to protect the environment.
【答案】 get rid of
【详解】考查动词短语。表示“摆脱”使用动词短语get rid of，使用动词原形和前面的to构成动词不定式，故填①get②rid③of。
74．A good idea him suddenly he had supper yesterday.
昨天吃晚饭的时候，他突然想到一个好主意。
【答案】 occurred to when
【详解】考查固定短语和状语从句。sth occur to sb为固定搭配，意为“某人突然想到”，结合时间状语yesterday可知，使用一般过去时；“________ he had supper yesterday”为时间状语从句，说明“想到主意”的时间点，用when引导，意为“当…… 时候”。故填①occurred；②to；③when。
75． the early bus, he got up at 5 o'clock.
为了赶上早班车，他五点钟就起床了。
【答案】 In order to catch
【详解】考查不定式。“为了做某事”为“in order to do sth”；“赶上早班车”为“catch the early bus”。不定式做目的状语。故填In order to catch。
76．使我们感到宽慰的是，失踪的孩子十天后回到了家。
, the missing child returned home ten days later.
【答案】 To our relief
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“使某人感到宽慰的是”使用固定短语to one’s relief，“我们的”使用形容词性物主代词our，首字母大写。故填①To②our③relief。
77．I saw several young people enter the waiting area, .
我看到几个年轻人进了等候区，好奇地四处张望。
【答案】 looking around curiously
【详解】考查非谓语动词和副词。表示“四处张望”用look around，本句谓语为saw，此处为非谓语动词，作状语，逻辑主语young people和look around之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。表示“好奇地”用curiously，作状语，故填looking around curiously。
78．同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。
The four countries that the United Kingdom .
【答案】 belong to work together in some areas
【详解】考查动词短语和时态。陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，表示“属于”应用动词短语belong to，第一空作定语从句的谓语，主语that指代The four countries，谓语动词用原形；表示“紧密合作”应用work together，第二空是主句的谓语，主语为复数名词，谓语动词用原形；表示“在某些领域”应用in some areas。故填①belong to②work together in some areas。
79．被他鼓舞人心的话语所感动，她潸然泪下。
his words, she burst into tears.
【答案】 Moved/Touched by encouraging/inspiring
【详解】考查非谓语动词和形容词。表示“被……所感动”应用be moved/touched by，此处作状语，需用过去分词短语；表示“鼓舞人心的”应用形容词encouraging/inspiring，修饰名词words。故填①Moved/Touched；②by；③encouraging/inspiring。
80．老人安慰那个被他人取笑的孩子。
The old man comforted the child by others.
【答案】 made fun of
【详解】考查固定短语及非谓语动词。根据句意，“取笑”对应固定短语make fun of。句中“the child”与“make fun of”之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语made fun of作后置定语，修饰“the child”，相当于定语从句who was made fun of by others。故填①made②fun③of。
02 核心突破练
题型一 阅读词汇和短语
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）Nine months ago, some men entered the Amazon rainforest to install the Internet. The Marubo tribe — who have lived for centuries along the Itui river-had asked to be connected via Elon Musk’s Starlink satellite network, so they could call for help in life-threatening situations and stay in touch with relatives having moved away.
“When it arrived, everyone was happy,” one of the Marubo elders said. “But now, things have gotten worse.” Many members of the tribe — especially the teenagers — have addicted themselves to their phones all day, chatting online or brushing videos.
The Marubo elders have tried to restore order by limiting screen time. They worry the damage being done to their young. The traditionally modest tribe are now having to deal with boys watching blue films and sharing horrible videos. Parents also worry about their children acting out after playing violent video games, and being targeted by strangers on social media. Marubo culture and history have been passed down orally for generations, creating a strong sense of identity. But now everyone is staring at their phones. One of the Marubo leaders sighs: “Everyone is so connected that they don’t even talk to their own family.’’ How to deal with it
Would we all behave differently if we could see ourselves from the wiser point of old age Luckily, there may soon be an app for that. Researchers at MIT have designed an Al-powered chatbot that can simulate an old version of the user, and offer wise advice from the future. The Al uses the results of a personalised questionnaire to generate synthetic (合成) memories of the life you haven’t lived. Then it digitally enhances your profile picture to make you look old, and wears this face to adopt your elderly image. You can then quiz it about what will happen to you in the future, creating different outcomes by adjusting the answers in your questionnaire.
Pat Pataranutapom, who devised the chatbot, says conversations with your older self can promote long-term thinking and behaviour change. You might, for example, finally study hard if Old You starts blaming Young You for your wasting time.
I wonder what it would say to the teenagers of the Marubo
1．Why does the author take the Marubo tribe for example
A．To state the world’s urgent need for the Internet.
B．To prove unexpected side effects of the Internet.
C．To present the wide coverage of the Internet.
D．To introduce the topic of culture shock.
2．What makes Marubo elders concerned at present
A．Their survival crisis due to living in the rainforest.
B．Their failure to get in touch with their relatives.
C．Teenagers’ refusal to learn Marubo culture.
D．Young people’s addiction to the Internet.
3．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph
A．How the Al-powered chatbot functions.
B．Why the older one gets, the wiser one gets.
C．What benefits an AI-powered chatbot bring.
D．How AI designs a personalised questionnaire.
4．What’s Pat’s attitude to the effect of the Al-powered chatbot
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Positive. D．Negative.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。在伊图伊河沿岸生活了几个世纪的Marubo部落能享受到互联网的便利了，但是部落老年人担心年轻人过于痴迷于网络。好在新研发的一款人工智能聊天机器人可以模拟用户的老年版为年轻人提供针对未来的明智建议。
1．推理判断题。文章第一段讲述马鲁博部落接入互联网的初衷是在危急情况下求助以及与搬走的亲戚保持联系。根据第二段“When it arrived, everyone was happy,” one of the Marubo elders said. “But now, things have gotten worse.”(一位马鲁博部落的长者说：“网络刚接入时，大家都很高兴。但现在，情况变得更糟了。”)”接着阐述了青少年沉迷网络等一系列负面情况。由此可知，作者以马鲁博部落为例是为了证明互联网带来的意想不到的副作用。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Many members of the tribe — especially the teenagers — have addicted themselves to their phones all day, chatting online or brushing videos. (部落的许多成员，尤其是青少年，整天沉迷于手机，在线聊天或刷视频。)” 以及第三段“The Marubo elders have tried to restore order by limiting screen time. They worry the damage being done to their young. (马鲁博部落的长者们试图通过限制屏幕使用时间来恢复秩序。他们担心这会对年轻人造成伤害。)” 可知，目前让马鲁博部落长者担忧的是年轻人沉迷于互联网。故选D。
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Researchers at MIT have designed an AI - powered chatbot that can simulate an old version of the user, and offer wise advice from the future. The AI uses the results of a personalised questionnaire to generate synthetic (合成) memories of the life you haven’t lived. Then it digitally enhances your profile picture to make you look old, and wears this face to adopt your elderly image. You can then quiz it about what will happen to you in the future, creating different outcomes by adjusting the answers in your questionnaire. (麻省理工学院的研究人员设计了一款由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人，它可以模拟用户的老年版本，并从未来的角度提供明智的建议。人工智能利用个性化问卷的结果生成你未曾经历过的生活的合成记忆。然后它通过数字技术增强你的头像，让你看起来显老，并以这个形象来呈现你的老年模样。然后你可以向它询问你未来会发生什么，通过调整问卷中的答案产生不同的结果。)” 可知，第四段主要介绍了这款由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人是如何运行的。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段“Pat Pataranutapom, who devised the chatbot, says conversations with your older self can promote long-term thinking and behaviour change. (设计这款聊天机器人的帕特 帕塔拉努塔蓬表示，与老年版的自己对话可以促进长期思考和行为改变。)” 可知，帕特对这款由人工智能驱动的聊天机器人的效果持积极态度。故选C。
（2025·河北·模拟预测）August Lamm, a writer, artist and former art influencer, hasn’t owned a smartphone since 2022. Her journey to give up the smartphone began shortly after graduating from college, when she started posting pictures of her art online and got hundreds of thousands of followers. “Everything that I shared online — about my love life or my vacations or my house — all these pictures and words were feeding into my business so they would result in sales,” Lamm said. Ultimately, she said, the pressure to keep that up became too much, and she reached a breaking point.
At first, Lamm tried to put her phone in a drawer and didn’t look at it for a whole day, which she said “was very inconvenient to everyone in my life”. It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. Her dumbphone offers only basic calling and texting.
Still, there are certain things that may feel impossible to navigate without smartphones, since they are more than just texting and scrolling (滚动) through social media. In 2025, these devices function as virtual wallets, health trackers, identification tools, and even personal assistants. However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. “You figure out these solutions by asking,” Lamm said, “like asking the parking company if they can give you another option when you can’t use parking meter (计时器), and a lot of the time they will”
When it comes to her career, Lamm says she earns more money now than she ever did as an influencer online. That’s because now she only does the actual work, rather than spending hours and hours crafting posts. “When I stopped posting I sought out income sources that existed before social media: agencies, magazines, galleries, publishers, she said. “If I hadn't spent thousands of hours trying to build a following, I could have spent that time going to galleries, taking classes, meeting people, making connections, organizing events, submitting to exhibitions and otherwise making a name for myself in the real world. I could have improved more quickly if I had not prioritized online visibility over creative development”
1．What made August Lamm decide to give up the smartphone
A．Her addiction to the smartphone.
B．The stress from social networking.
C．Her pressure from the busy college life.
D．The sense of duty to help her followers.
2．Why does the author mention the circumstances in 2025 in paragraph 3
A．To stress the diversity of solutions to phone addiction.
B．To illustrate people can live well without smartphones.
C．To state the close connection between man and devices.
D．To give the fact that people are often interrupted by phones.
3．What message does August Lamm want to convey in the last paragraph
A．One can be less reliant on social media.
B．Use smartphones only when necessary.
C．Social media do more harm than good.
D．Dumbphones are making a comeback.
4．How can we best describe August Lamm according to the text
A．Responsible and strict. B．Determined and adaptable.
C．Generous and charitable. D．Fashionable and knowledgeable.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了August Lamm是一位作家、艺术家和前艺术影响者，自2022年以来不再使用智能手机。Lamm找到了解决的办法，并且认识到了不依赖智能手机所带来的诸多好处。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ultimately, she said, the pressure to keep that up became too much, and she reached a breaking point. (她说，最终，保持这种状态的压力变得太大了，她达到了崩溃的临界点。)”可知，是社交网络带来的压力让August Lamm决定放弃使用智能手机。故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In 2025, these devices function as virtual wallets, health trackers, identification tools, and even personal assistants. However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. (在2025年，这些设备将充当虚拟钱包、健康追踪器、身份识别工具，甚至是个人助理。然而，Lamm已经找到了应对这些挑战的方法。)”可知，如果没有智能手机，有些事情可能会让人觉得无法驾驭，因为它们不仅仅是发短信和浏览社交媒体。所以作者在下文提到2025年的情况是为了说明人与智能设备之间的联系非常密切。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“If I hadn’t spent thousands of hours trying to build a following, I could have spent that time going to galleries, taking classes, meeting people, making connections, organizing events, submitting to exhibitions and otherwise making a name for myself in the real world. I could have improved more quickly if I had not prioritized online visibility over creative development. (如果我没有花费数千小时试图建立粉丝群体，我本可以把那些时间花在去画廊参观、上课、结识他人、建立人脉、组织活动、提交作品参展，以及在现实世界中为自己打响名气上。如果我没有把在网络上的曝光度置于创意发展之上，我本可以进步得更快。)”可推知，August Lamm在最后一段想传达的信息是人们可以减少对社交媒体的依赖。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“It took her about a year to sell her smartphone and fully commit to the dumbphone lifestyle. (她花了大约一年的时间才卖掉自己的智能手机，并完全投入到功能手机的生活方式中。)”以及第三段中“However, Lamm has found solutions for the challenges. (然而，Lamm已经找到了应对这些挑战的方法。)”可知，August Lamm决心放弃智能手机，并且能够适应没有智能手机的生活，找到应对挑战的方法，说明她是一个有决心且适应能力强的人。故选B。
题型二 完形词汇和短语
（2025·江西新余·模拟预测）I was always interested in biology. However, it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving in secondary school — in which I 1 divers glide past massive stalactites (钟乳石) — that I 2 I wanted to study cave animals. The video didn’t mention the creatures 3 in those underwater houses, but I 4 they must be there. More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology, which meant I needed to study them in their 5 habitat.
Cave diving requires 6 equipment and coordinated (协调) groups. I 7 carry lights and navigation tools, and bring extra air tanks. During trips, I use nets and test tubes to collect tiny, nearly 8 animals floating in the water. We’ve come to understand that caves are full of life: shrimp, sea stars and worms, all 9 life in low-light environments.
Although underwater caves might seem far removed from surface environments, research has shown that these worlds are 10 in many ways. In places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles 11 water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral reefs. If pollutants get 13 , they can affect these ecosystems. I’m researching the resilience (恢复力) of cave ecosystems to climate change.
If we don’t 14 these mysterious places, they could be gone before we have the 15 to understand them. And everything that makes them unique will disappear too.
1．A．watched B．heard C．sensed D．felt
2．A．admitted B．noticed C．reminded D．realized
3．A．hiding B．living C．floating D．sleeping
4．A．knew B．learned C．doubted D．ensured
5．A．reasonable B．comfortable C．modern D．natural
6．A．expensive B．special C．fashionable D．beautiful
7．A．only B．ever C．always D．never
8．A．unbelievable B．valuable C．invisible D．attractive
9．A．adapted for B．appealed to C．devoted to D．prepared for
10．A．silenced B．mirrored C．linked D．encouraged
11．A．push B．absorb C．drink D．pollute
12．A．gets B．strikes C．rises D．flows
13．A．home B．spread C．there D．underground
14．A．conserve B．touch C．reach D．find
15．A．knowledge B．energy C．decision D．chance
【答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．D 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者因一部洞穴潜水的电影而对研究洞穴动物产生兴趣，介绍了洞穴潜水的情况以及洞穴生态系统与外界的联系，强调保护洞穴的重要性。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在中学看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影——在电影中我看到潜水者从巨大的钟乳石旁滑过——我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. watched观看；B. heard听到；C. sensed感觉到；D. felt感觉。根据前文“it wasn’t until I saw a film about cave diving”可知，作者是在电影中观看潜水者的动作。故选A项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，直到我在中学看到一部关于洞穴潜水的电影——在电影中我看到潜水者从巨大的钟乳石旁滑过——我才意识到我想研究洞穴动物。A. admitted承认；B. noticed注意到；C. reminded提醒；D. realized意识到。根据后文“I wanted to study cave animals”可知，作者在看了电影后意识到自己的兴趣所在。故选D项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到生活在那些水下“房子”里的生物，但我知道它们一定在那里。A. hiding隐藏；B. living生活；C. floating漂浮；D. sleeping睡觉。根据前文“cave animals”和后文“in those underwater houses”可知，这里说的是生活在水下洞穴里的生物。故选B项。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：视频没有提到生活在那些水下“房子”里的生物，但我知道它们一定在那里。A. knew知道；B. learned学习；C. doubted怀疑；D. ensured确保。根据前文“I was always interested in biology”以及常识，作者凭借自己的生物学知识知道水下洞穴里一定有生物。故选A项。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不仅仅是给它们命名，我想了解它们的生态，这意味着我需要在它们的自然栖息地研究它们。A. reasonable合理的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. modern现代的；D. natural自然的。根据前文“More than just naming them, I wanted to understand their ecology”可知，研究生态需要在自然状态下，也就是自然栖息地，所以这里强调要在自然栖息地研究洞穴动物。故选D项。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：洞穴潜水需要特殊的设备和协调的团队。A. expensive昂贵的；B. special特殊的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. beautiful美丽的。根据后文“carry lights and navigation tools, and bring extra air tanks”可知，洞穴潜水的设备是特殊的。故选B项。
7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我总是带着灯和导航工具，并带上额外的气罐。A. only仅仅；B. ever曾经；C. always总是；D. never从不。根据结合常识和前文“Cave diving requires 6 equipment”可推知，灯、导航工具和额外气罐都是洞穴潜水时经常要携带的。故选C项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，我用网和试管收集漂浮在水中的微小的、几乎看不见的动物。A. unbelievable难以置信的；B. valuable有价值的；C. invisible看不见的；D. attractive有吸引力的。根据前文“tiny”可知，这些动物很小，几乎看不见。故选C项。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们逐渐了解到洞穴里充满了生命：虾、海星和蠕虫，它们都适应了弱光环境下的生活。A. adapted for适应；B. appealed to吸引；C. devoted to致力于；D. prepared for为……做准备。根据前文“caves are full of life”和后文“life in low light environments”可推知，洞穴生物已经适应了弱光环境。故选A项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然水下洞穴似乎与地表环境相距甚远，但研究表明，这些世界在很多方面是相互联系的。A. silenced使沉默；B. mirrored反映；C. linked联系；D. encouraged鼓励。根据后文“In places such as the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico, jungles 11 water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea, where it connects with offshore coral reefs”可知，洞穴生态系统与外界是有联系的。故选C项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛等地，丛林直接从地下灰岩坑中吸收水流——这些水流将汇入海洋，并与近海珊瑚礁生态系统相连。A. push推；B. absorb吸收；C. drink喝；D. pollute污染。根据常识，丛林需要吸收水分，且与“water”搭配，用absorb合适。故选B项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛等地，丛林直接从地下灰岩坑中吸收水流——这些水流将汇入海洋，并与近海珊瑚礁生态系统相连。A. gets到达；B. strikes撞击；C. rises上升；D. flows流动。根据常识，水是流动的，且“towards the sea”表示水是流向大海。故选D项。
13．考查副词和名词词义辨析。句意：如果污染物进入地下，它们会影响这些生态系统。A. home家；B. spread扩散；C. there那里；D. underground地下。根据前文“jungles 11 water directly from underground sinkholes as it 12 towards the sea”可知，整个生态系统与地下环境相关，所以污染物进入地下会影响生态系统。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不保护这些神秘的地方，它们可能在我们有机会了解它们之前就消失了。A. conserve保护；B. touch触摸；C. reach到达；D. find找到。根据后文“they could be gone before we have the 15 to understand them”可知，需要对洞穴进行保护。故选A项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不保护这些神秘的地方，它们可能在我们有机会了解它们之前就消失了。A. knowledge知识；B. energy能量；C. decision决定；D. chance机会。根据前文“they could be gone”可知，如果不保护，可能就没有机会了解这些地方了。故选D项。
（2025·黑龙江大庆·模拟预测）Millennials and Gen Z are falling hard for soft toys
At London's Selfridges department store, a Jellycat pop-up transformed the traditional fish and chip shop experience into a toy adventure. Customers could 1 cute fish toy accompanied with fluffy (毛绒绒的) lemons and soft peas instead of food. The cheapest item was priced at $25, twice the cost of a real meal. This 2 concept not only showcases the global surge in soft toy popularity but also highlights a new trend in consumer behavior.
The world has gone 3 for soft toys. TikTok videos tagged Plushies and featuring various stuffed creatures and objects, have been viewed around 8 billion times. Such is the 4 that shops have experienced stampedes (汹涌人潮) and the Jellycat pop-up required visitors to make reservations in advance. Labubu dolls, made by Chinese company Pop Mart, are particularly popular across Asia, 5 the widespread appeal of these soft toys.
Interestingly, it's not young children driving this demand but “kidults” aged 12 and above. In 2023, kids accounted for over a quarter of toy sales, 6 preschoolers as the largest age group for toy purchases. The craze began during the pandemic when teenagers and young adults, stuck at home, sought 7 in playthings. Social media pop psychologists advocate that 8 one's younger self through these toys can heal their inner child.
With many individuals 9 parenthood until their late 20s or early 30s, kidults have more income to spend on themselves. Collectors are not put off by steep prices; if anything, 10 adds appeal. Obtaining a rare plushie (毛绒玩具) can be similar to securing a hit concert ticket or a prized sports trading card, offering show-off rights. Celebrity support from figures such as Kim Kardashian and Lady Gaga further boost 11 .
Some critics argue that the plushie popularity symbolizes an infantilized (婴儿化的) generation. 12 , little treasures have thrived throughout history — from Cabbage Patch Kids in the 1980s to Beanie Babies in the 1990s. Dave Neale of Cambridge University suggests while specific toys may lose novelty over time, play itself remains broad and 13 , unlikely to fade away anytime soon.
For the time being, plushies remain 14 in bedrooms worldwide. When Paco the Salamander, a toy influencer, joked on TikTok that she was “ready to grow up” and get rid of her sizeable plushie collection, her followers 15 that “you’re never too old” to own them. As we move forward, the enduring charm of soft toys continues to engage audiences of all ages, offering comfort, joy, and a touch of nostalgia (怀旧) in a rapidly changing world.
1．A．exchange B．require C．purchase D．anticipate
2．A．insightful B．playful C．meaningful D．mindful
3．A．diversified B．soft C．messy D．advanced
4．A．request B．devotion C．promotion D．demand
5．A．illustrating B．influencing C．calculating D．exceeding
6．A．paralleling B．outnumbering C．stimulating D．cultivating
7．A．relief B．belief C．grief D．chief
8．A．contrasting B．wrestling C．recollecting D．prioritizing
9．A．assuming B．scheduling C．demanding D．delaying
10．A．security B．curiosity C．rarity D．availability
11．A．desirability B．sustainability C．sociability D．maturity
12．A．Instead B．Therefore C．However D．Furthermore
13．A．practical B．current C．blurred D．varied
14．A．fixtures B．alternatives C．innovation D．evolution
15．A．opposed B．suspected C．questioned D．insisted
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．C 11．A 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了千禧一代和Z世代热衷毛绒玩具的现象，分析其流行原因及相关争议与前景。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：顾客可以购买可爱的鱼玩具，搭配蓬松的柠檬和软豌豆，而不是食物。A. exchange交换；B. require需要；C. purchase购买；D. anticipate预期。根据上文“At London’s Selfridges department store”以及下文“The cheapest item was priced at $25, twice the cost of a real meal.”可知，此处表示顾客在百货公司购买玩具。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个有趣的概念不仅展示了全球软玩具流行的激增，也突显了消费者行为的新趋势。A. insightful有洞察力的；B. playful有趣的，好玩的；C. meaningful有意义的；D. mindful留心的，注意的。根据上文“a Jellycat pop up transformed the traditional fish and chip shop experience into a toy adventure.”以及“Customers could _____1_____ cute fish toy accompanied with fluffy (毛绒绒的) lemons and soft peas instead of food.”可知，把传统的炸鱼薯条店变成玩具冒险体验，顾客可以购买毛绒玩具，这种概念是有趣好玩的。故选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：全世界都对毛绒玩具着迷了。A. diversified多样化的；B. soft柔软的，舒适的；C. messy混乱的；D. advanced先进的。根据下文“On TikTok videos tagged Plushies, featuring various stuffed creatures and objects, have been viewed around 8bn times.”以及对毛绒玩具受欢迎程度的描述可知，此处表示全世界都对毛绒玩具变得喜爱，go soft for可理解为“对……着迷”。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：需求如此之大，以至于商店里出现了汹涌人潮，Jellycat快闪店要求游客提前预约。A. request请求；B. devotion奉献；C. promotion促销，提升；D. demand需求。根据下文“that shops have experienced stampedes (汹涌人潮)”可知，人们对毛绒玩具的需求很大，才导致商店里出现了汹涌人潮。故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由中国公司Pop-Mart制造的Labubu娃娃在亚洲特别受欢迎，这说明了这些毛绒玩具的广泛吸引力。A. illustrating说明，阐明；B. influencing影响；C. calculating计算；D. exceeding超过。根据上文“Labubu dolls, made by Chinese company Pop Mart, are particularly popular across Asia”以及语境可知，Labubu娃娃在亚洲受欢迎，这说明毛绒玩具具有广泛的吸引力。故选A。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：2023年，年轻人占玩具销售额的四分之一以上，超过了学龄前儿童，成为购买玩具的最大年龄群体。A. paralleling平行；B. outnumbering超过；C. stimulating刺激；D. cultivating培养。根据下文“as the largest age group for toy purchases”可知，“大龄儿童”成为购买玩具的最大年龄群体，在玩具销售中的占比超过了学龄前儿童。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种狂热始于疫情期间，当时被困在家里的青少年和年轻人通过玩具寻求慰藉。A. relief安慰；B. belief信仰；C. grief悲伤；D. chief首领。根据上文“The craze began during the pandemic when teenagers and young adults, stuck at home,”以及下文“notes that plushies (毛绒玩具) bring happiness and comfort-states often hard to find nowadays.”可知，疫情期间人们被困在家，从玩具中寻求安慰。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：社交媒体流行心理学家提倡通过这些玩具来回忆年轻时的自己可以治愈他们内心的孩子。A. contrasting对比；B. wrestling摔跤；C. recollecting回忆；D. prioritizing优先。根据下文“one's younger self through these toys can heal their inner child”可知，此处表示通过玩具回忆年轻时的自己，治愈自己。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于许多人将为人父母的时间推迟到20多岁或30出头，“大龄儿童”有更多的收入可以花在自己身上。A. assuming假设；B. scheduling安排；C. demanding要求；D. delaying延迟。根据下文“parenthood until their late 20s or early 30s”可知，人们把成为父母的时间推迟了。故选D。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：收藏家们不会被高昂的价格所吓倒；如果说有什么不同的话，那就是稀有性增加了吸引力。A. security安全；B. curiosity好奇心；C. rarity稀有，罕见；D. availability可用性。根据下文“Obtaining a rare plushie(毛绒玩具) can be similar to securing a hit concert ticket or a prized sports trading card, offering show-off rights.”可知，对于收藏家来说，毛绒玩具的稀有性增加了吸引力。故选C。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：金·卡戴珊和Lady Gaga等名人的支持进一步提升了吸引力。A. desirability可取性，吸引力；B. sustainability可持续性；C. sociability社交性；D. maturity成熟。根据上文“Celebrity support from figures such as Kim Kardashian and Lady Gaga”可知，名人的支持会让毛绒玩具更具吸引力。故选A。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，从20世纪80年代的椰菜娃娃到20世纪90年代的豆豆宝宝，然而，小宝藏在历史上一直很繁荣。A. Instead相反；B. Therefore因此；C. However然而；D. Furthermore此外。根据上文“Some critics argue that the plushie craze signifies an infantilized generation.”和下文“trivial treasures have thrived throughout history”可知，前后句构成转折关系，空处应用however，表示“然而”。故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：剑桥大学的Dave Neale表示，虽然特定的玩具可能会随着时间的推移而失去新奇感，但玩耍本身仍然广泛而多样，不太可能在短期内消失。A. practical实际的；B. current当前的，流行的；C. blurred模糊的；D. varied多样的。根据下文“Dave Neale of remains broad”以及语境可知，虽然特定的玩具可能会失去新奇感，但是玩耍本身仍会是多样且流行的。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：目前，毛绒玩具仍然是全球卧室的固定装置。A. fixtures固定装置，固定物品；B. alternatives替代品；C. innovation创新；D. evolution进化。根据下文“the enduring charm of soft toys continues to captivate audiences of all ages,”以及常识可知，毛绒玩具在卧室里是常见的固定物品。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当玩具网红Paco the Salamander在TikTok上调侃说她“已经准备好长大了”，并打算扔掉她庞大的毛绒玩具收藏时，她的粉丝们坚持认为“拥有它们永远都不晚”。A. opposed反对；B. suspected怀疑；C. questioned质疑；D. insisted坚持。根据下文“that “you’re never too old” to own them.”可知，粉丝们坚持认为拥有毛绒玩具永远不晚。故选D。
题型三 语法填空词汇和短语
（2025·江苏苏州·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
People in the UK are being urged to keep rare plants in their living rooms or gardens to help create a “national collection”, which can save pollinator-friendly (利于传粉者的) plants from 1 (extinct).
A national plant collection can include a number of well-tended plants, many of 2 are suitable for domestic gardens. Though some collections 3 (house) at locations such as Kew Gardens, many are kept in the back gardens of amateur enthusiasts.
Plant Heritage, a charity that works to create and develop the collections, 4 (run) a “missing genera” campaign since 2016, where it lists plants that are not a collection and are 5 risk of dying out. This year the plants are all pollinator-friendly.
Since the campaign began, 12 national collections have been set up. There are 700 collections in total, 6 (find) all over the UK, Ireland and the Channel Islands. These “living libraries” contain 7 estimated 95,000 garden plants.
According to a business manager at Plant Heritage, people don’t 8 (necessary) need lots of space in order to help. All that is needed is a passion for plants and eagerness 9 (learn) about the plant group in the chosen collection. Though the plants are mostly not native, it is still important to protect them, particularly because, as the climate changes, a diversity of plants is needed for pollinators 10 to store carbon. Some plants may even help for medical purposes and people never know quite what they might be good for.
【答案】
1．extinction 2．which 3．are housed 4．has been running 5．at 6．found 7．an 8．necessarily 9．to learn 10．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。英国呼吁民众在室内或花园种植稀有植物以建立“国家收藏”，相关慈善机构发起活动，这些植物有多样益处。
1．考查名词。句意：英国民众被呼吁将珍稀植物摆放在自家客厅或花园里，以共同打造一个“全国性的植物收藏”，从而保护那些对传粉昆虫有益的植物免于灭绝。空处应填名词作宾语，extinct的名词形式为extinction，且为不可数名词。故填extinction。
2．考查定语从句。句意：一个国家性的植物收藏品可以包含众多精心养护的植物，其中许多植物都非常适合用于家庭花园。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为plants，指物，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，构成“介词+关系代词”结构的非限制性定语从句，应用关系代词which。故填which。
3．考查时态语态。句意：虽然有些藏品存放在诸如邱园这样的地方，但大多数藏品则存放在业余爱好者们的后院里。空处是从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语collections与house“存放”之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are housed。
4．考查时态。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。根据时间状语since 2016可知，用现在完成时，“一直在开展活动”强调持续进行，用现在完成进行时，主语为a charity，助动词用has。故填has been running。
5．考查介词。句意：“植物遗产”是一个致力于创建和开发植物收藏的慈善组织，自2016年以来，该组织一直在开展一项名为“缺失属”的活动，该活动列出了那些不属于现有收藏体系且面临灭绝风险的植物种类。短语at risk of表示“处于……危险或风险之中”。故填at。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：总共有 700 件藏品，分布在英国、爱尔兰以及海峡群岛的各地。空处为非谓语动词作定语，修饰collections，find与collections构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填found。
7．考查冠词。句意：这些“活体植物库”里大约有95000种园艺植物。estimated以元音音素开头，且此处表示“一个”估计的数量，为泛指，应用不定冠词an，an estimated表示“据估计”，修饰95,000 garden plants。故填an。
8．考查副词。句意：据“植物遗产”项目的业务经理称，人们不一定需要很大的空间才能提供帮助。修饰动词need用副词necessarily作状语。故填necessarily。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：所需要的就是对植物的热爱以及对所选植物群相关知识的渴望。eagerness to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“做某事的渴望”。故填to learn。
10．考查连词。句意：虽然这些植物大多并非本土物种，但保护它们仍十分重要，尤其是因为随着气候的变化，需要有多种多样的植物来为传粉昆虫提供食物，并起到储存碳的作用。连接for pollinators和to store carbon，表并列关系，用连词and连接，说明植物对传粉者和碳储存的作用。故填and。
（2025·湖北·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On December 30, 2021, a fast-moving wildfire in Superior, Colorado, 1 (destroy)Melanie Glover’s home and nearly 1,000 others. The pain of losing everything was great, but Glover was determined to rebuild 2 (use)earth blocks — a material used for thousands of years.
Earthen construction, with a rich history in regions like northern China, has long provided fire-resistant, temperature-regulating homes, 3 (evidence)by China’s ancient underground cave homes and mud-brick houses with natural materials. Due to modern construction methods, earthen homes have become 4 (popular)in the US. However, early research suggests that earth blocks consistently survive fire and can harden under heat. For instance, in 2020, 5 the Bobcat Fire struck California, Stevie Love’s earth home remained untouched while the 6 (surround)land burned.
Despite 7 (view)as a sustainable solution by homeowners like Glover, who combine traditional Chinese techniques with modern fire-resistance needs, building with earth remains 8 challenge due to its labor-intensive process and limited familiarity in mainstream construction. Glover’s rebuilding project required careful management, highlighting the broader challenges in promoting sustainable 9 (alternative).
Earthen architecture, which bridges ancient wisdom with modern crises, draws on China’s Neolithic(新石器時代)innovations 10 , through its rebirth, effortlessly integrates traditional knowledge with sustainable strategies to address the pressing environmental challenges of today.
【答案】
1．destroyed 2．using 3．evidenced 4．less popular 5．when 6．surrounding 7．being viewed 8．a 9．alternatives 10．and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了2021年12月30日科罗拉多州苏必利尔镇的野火摧毁了梅兰妮 格洛弗的家及近 1000 所其他房屋，格洛弗决心用土坯重建房屋。
1．考查时态。句意：2021年12月30日，科罗拉多州苏必利尔镇一场迅速蔓延的野火摧毁了梅兰妮 格洛弗的家以及近1000所其他房屋。空处为句子谓语，根据时间状语“On December 30, 2021”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填destroyed。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：失去一切的痛苦巨大，但格洛弗决心使用土坯重建房屋——土坯是一种已经被使用了数千年的材料。句中已有谓语动词was determined，此处应为非谓语动词作状语，use与句子主语Glover之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式作方式状语。故填using。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：土坯建筑在中国北方等地区有着悠久的历史，长期以来一直提供了防火、调节温度的房屋，中国古代的地下洞穴房屋以及由天然材料建造的泥砖房屋就证明了这一点。此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语，evidence与句子主语Earthen construction之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填evidenced。
4．考查形容词比较级。句意：由于现代建筑方法，土筑房屋在美国变得不太流行。此处应为形容词作表语，根据上下文，由于现代建筑方法的出现，土筑房屋在美国应该是变得没有那么流行了，所以用比较级less popular。故填less popular。
5．考查定语从句。句意：例如，2020年，当山猫大火袭击加州时，斯蒂维·洛夫的土坯房完好无损，而周围的土地却被烧毁。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为in 2020，从句中缺少时间状语，所以使用关系副词when引导。故填when。
6．考查形容词。句意：2020年，当山猫大火袭击加利福尼亚州时，史蒂维 洛夫的土筑房屋完好无损，而周围的土地却被烧毁了。空处为形容词作定语修饰名词land，surround的形容词为surrounding。故填surrounding。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管像格洛弗这样将中国传统技术与现代防火需求相结合的房主将土筑房屋视为一种可持续的解决方案，但由于其建造过程劳动强度大且在主流建筑中人们对其熟悉度有限，使用土来建造房屋仍然是一个挑战。despite为介词，后面接动名词作宾语，view与句子主语building with earth之间为被动关系，所以使用动名词的被动式being done。故填being viewed。
8．考查冠词。句意：尽管像格洛弗这样将中国传统技术与现代防火需求相结合的房主将土筑房屋视为一种可持续的解决方案，但由于其建造过程劳动强度大且在主流建筑中人们对其熟悉度有限，使用土来建造房屋仍然是一个挑战。challenge为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且challenge发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
9．考查名词。句意：格洛弗的重建项目需要精心管理，这凸显了推广可持续替代方案所面临的更广泛挑战。空处为名词作宾语，此处表示泛指，alternative是可数名词，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填alternatives。
10．考查连词。句意：土坯建筑将古代智慧与现代危机相连接，借鉴中国新石器时代的创新成果，并且通过其重生，毫不费力地将传统知识与可持续策略相结合，以应对当今紧迫的环境挑战。bridges与integrates为并列谓语，所以使用并列连词and连接。故填and。
03 高考溯源练
（2025·全国一卷·高考真题）Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans.
Now, new research suggests that a simple, cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap (水龙头): boiling and filtering (过滤) it. In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters, researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally, the research didn’t include all types of plastics. The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene, polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult. Even bottled water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns. The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake. “The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay, an environmental engineer of the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research, tells New Scientist. “We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph
A．By quoting an expert. B．By defining a concept.
C．By giving examples. D．By providing statistics.
2．What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water
A．The hardness of water. B．The length of cooling time.
C．The frequency of filtering. D．The type of plastic in water.
3．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4
A．The importance of plastic recycling. B．The severity of the microplastic problem.
C．The danger in overusing pure water. D．The difficulty in treating polluted water.
4．What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about
A．Choice of new research methods. B．Possible direction for further study.
C．Need to involve more researchers. D．Potential application of the findings.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至进入人体。中国研究人员发现，将自来水煮沸五分钟并冷却后过滤可能会显著降低自来水中的微塑料含量。研究虽未涵盖所有塑料类型和化学物质，但揭示了一种潜在解决方案。苏格兰环境工程师指出，该研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建议升级饮用水处理厂以推广应用。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas, stuck inside volcanic rocks, filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow. They are even appearing inside humans. (微塑料已经成为地球上常见的污染源——它们出现在在深海和喜马拉雅山上，被困在火山岩中，填满海鸟的胃，甚至落在南极的新雪中。它们甚至出现了在人类体内)”可推知，作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics. In the study, boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics. But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate, boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. (至关重要的是，这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来截留塑料。在这项研究中，将含有300毫克碳酸钙的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸钙含量低于60毫克的样品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知，决定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“Still, the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a tas
