谓语动词和语态语法填空专题
考点一 谓语动词的时态
真题体验
1. I ________ (go) to the cinema last night. The film was really interesting.
2. Look! The children ________ (play) football on the playground.
3. She ________ (work) in this company for five years and she still loves her job.
4. By the time I got to the station, the train ________ (leave).
知识点拨
常见的时态有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、一般将来时等。一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态；一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态；现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作；过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或时间段正在进行的动作；现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或过去开始一直持续到现在的动作；过去完成时表示在过去某个动作或时间之前已经发生或完成的动作；一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。判断时态时，要结合语境中的时间状语、上下文逻辑以及动作发生的先后顺序等因素。
即时演练
1. My father usually ________ (read) newspapers after dinner.
2. At this time yesterday, I ________ (write) an essay.
3. They ________ (visit) the Great Wall twice so far.
4. I ________ (go) to the park tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
5. When I arrived at his house, he ________ (already, cook) dinner.
考点二 谓语动词的语态
真题体验
1. The bridge ________ (build) last year. It makes our travel more convenient.
2. These books ________ (sell) well in the bookstore.
3. The problem ________ (discuss) at the meeting now.
4. The old house ________ (pull) down next month.
知识点拨
语态分为主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，用主动语态；当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用被动语态。被动语态的基本结构是“be + 过去分词”，不同时态的被动语态结构有所不同。一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词；一般过去时的被动语态：was/were + 过去分词；现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are + being + 过去分词；过去进行时的被动语态：was/were + being + 过去分词；现在完成时的被动语态：have/has + been + 过去分词；过去完成时的被动语态：had + been + 过去分词；一般将来时的被动语态：will be + 过去分词 或 be going to be + 过去分词。注意有些动词（如sell、wash、write等）用主动形式表示被动意义，此时句子的主语通常是物，且这些动词与副词（如well、easily等）连用。
即时演练
1. The classroom ________ (clean) by the students every day.
2. The letter ________ (send) to my friend last week.
3. A new school ________ (build) in our town now.
4. The old machine ________ (repair) already. It can work again.
5. The sports meeting ________ (hold) next week.
考点三 时态和语态的综合运用
真题体验
1. When I got home, dinner ________ (already, cook) by my mother.
2. This kind of car ________ (produce) in that factory since last year.
3. The novel which was written by him ________ (translate) into many languages so far.
4. Look! The old man ________ (help) by a young boy.
知识点拨
在实际运用中，时态和语态常常结合考查。做题时，要先确定句子的时态，再根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断语态。如果句子中有明确的时间状语，根据时间状语确定时态；如果没有明确时间状语，要结合上下文语境来判断。同时，要注意一些特殊的结构和用法，如“by + 过去时间”常与过去完成时连用；“so far”“already”“yet”等常与现在完成时连用。
即时演练
1. The project ________ (complete) successfully last month. It ________ (praise) by everyone since then.
2. While I ________ (walk) in the street, I saw a wallet ________ (pick) up by a little girl.
3. The clothes in this shop ________ (sell) well. They ________ (make) in a famous factory.
4. The film ________ (show) in the cinema last night. It ________ (direct) by a young director.
5. A new hospital ________ (build) in our city. It ________ (finish) next year.
【命题热点】
一、谓语动词和语态在语法填空中的命题点
A. 考查根据语境判断合适的时态，重点关注一般过去时、现在完成时、现在进行时和一般将来时。
He ________ (work) in the company for three years. Now he wants to change his job.（根据“for three years”和“Now”，用现在完成时has worked）
B. 考查主动语态和被动语态的正确使用，特别是易混淆的情况。
The flowers in the garden ________ (water) every day.（flowers与water是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态are watered）
C. 考查时态和语态的综合运用，如过去完成时的被动语态。
The task ________ (finish) before the deadline.（根据语境，动作在过去某个时间前已完成且是被动，用过去完成时的被动语态had been finished）
二、谓语动词和语态在短文改错中的增分点
A. 时态错误，如一般现在时和一般过去时的误用。
I go to the park yesterday.（go应改为went）
B. 语态错误，该用被动语态时用了主动语态，或反之。
The book was wrote by him.（wrote应改为written，用被动语态）
C. 时态和语态搭配错误。
The work will be finish next week.（finish应改为finished，一般将来时的被动语态结构错误）
三、谓语动词和语态在书面表达中的增分点
1. 正确运用不同时态描述事件发展过程，使文章逻辑清晰。
I visited the museum last week. There were many interesting exhibits. I am still thinking about the knowledge I learned there.（用一般过去时描述参观经历，用现在进行时表达当下感受）
2. 合理使用被动语态强调动作的承受者，丰富语言表达。
The old temple was rebuilt last year. It looks much more beautiful now.（突出寺庙被重建这一动作）
【综合检测】
一、单句语法填空
1. I ________ (see) the movie already. It's really wonderful.
2. The children ________ (take) good care of by their teachers in the kindergarten.
3. Look! The stars ________ (shine) brightly in the sky.
4. My bike ________ (repair) tomorrow.
5. She ________ (live) in this city since she was born.
6. The meeting ________ (hold) yesterday. Many people attended it.
7. The cake ________ (make) by my mother tastes delicious.
8. I ________ (write) a letter to my friend when the phone rang.
9. The new policy ________ (carry) out next month. It may change our lives.
10. The window ________ (break) by the naughty boy just now.
二、语篇填空
Last year, I 1________ (take) part in a volunteer activity. We went to a small village in the mountains. The village 2________ (build) many years ago and it 3________ (look) very beautiful.
When we arrived, the villagers 4________ (wait) for us. They 5________ (show) us around the village. We 6________ (tell) that they had a hard life in the past. But now, with the help of the government, their lives 7________ (improve) a lot.
We 8________ (help) the villagers do some farm work. We also 9________ (plant) some trees. Before we left, a party 10________ (hold) for us. It was a really unforgettable experience.
答案
一、1. have seen 2. are taken 3. are shining 4. will be repaired 5. has lived 6. was held 7. made 8. was writing 9. will be carried 10. was broken
二、1. took 2. was built 3. looked 4. were waiting 5. showed 6. were told 7. had improved 8. helped 9. planted 10. was held
