2025年英语中考之动词时态和语态复习
一、时态复习讲解
一般现在时
一般现在时的基本用法
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与often、usually、always、sometimes、nowadays、every day、once a month、frequently、constantly等时间状语连用。
2．表示普遍存在的真理和客观事实。
3．表示按时刻表将要发生的动作
4．在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。(主将从现)
一般过去时
一般过去时的基本用法
1. 一般过去时表示过去某一时刻或者某一段时间发生的动作或者状态。常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday, in 2014, in the 1990s、originally等时间状语连用。
2．表示过去的习惯动作，常与often、frequently、always、usually等表示频度的时间状语连用。
3．有些情况，虽然没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但可根据语境判断出动作发生在过去，应用过去时态。
一般将来时
一般将来时的基本用法
①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow、next week、in the future、in a few days 等时间状语连用。
②表示说话时临时做出的决定。
将来时的其他表达法：
be going to表示按计划、打算要做某事，此外，还可以表示根据某些迹象判断将要发生的事情。
②be about to do表示即将发生的将来动作，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，多与when连用。
③ be to do表示按照约定、职责、义务或要求等即将发生的动作。
现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法
1．表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与时间状语now、at the moment, at present 等连用。
2．表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定进行的动作。
3．表示位置移动的非延续动词，如 go、come、leave、start、arrive、return可用进行时表将来，表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
4．进行时与always、constantly、continually、frequently等表示频度的副词连用，常含有赞扬、厌恶、抱怨、愤怒等情感。
过去进行时
过去进行时的基本用法
表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
He fell asleep when he was reading .他看书时睡着了。
过去进行时可以和always，constantly，continually，forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。
不用进行时态的动词
①表示状态的动词 这类动词有seem, look, appear, have, belong to, own, hold等。
②表示知道、信念、理解、推测、怀疑、希望等含义的动词 这类动词有know, remember, understand, see, think, believe, suppose, hope, doubt等。
温馨提示：有时这些动词的进行时态可表示心理状态的缓慢发展过程。
③表示要求、心愿等意义的动词 这类动词有want, wish, need, desire等。
④表示继续或持续含义的动词 这类动词有continue, keep, last, go on等。
⑤表示感觉的动词 这类动词有see, hear, smell, taste, feel等
现在完成时
现在完成时的用法
1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，着眼于现在。常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times等连用。
In the last few years, China has made great achievements in environmental protection.
在过去几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大成就。
2．表示从过去某时开始延续至今的动作或状态，常与for＋一段时间，since等表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has worked here for over twenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。
He has lived in London since 2020. 自从2020年以来他就住在伦敦。
3．在“This/That/It is the first/second...time＋that从句”结构中，that从句一般用现在完成时。
This is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall.
这是我第一次参观长城。
4．在“This/It is the＋序数词/形容词最高级＋名词＋that 从句”结构中，that从句用现在完成时。
This is the most interesting film that he has watched. 这是他看过的最有趣的电影。
过去完成时
过去完成时的动作须在过去某一时间之前发生，即发生在＂过去的过去＂。
1. 过去完成时的用法
①表示在过去某个时间或动作之前就已经发生的动作，通常简称为“过去的过去”。句中常有by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句
By the end of 2019, he had collected more than a thousand foreign stamps.
到2019年底，他已经收集了1 000多枚外国邮票。
②表示发生在过去某个动作或时刻之前的动作一直延续到过去的另一个时间，常与for、since等词连用。
It had been very windy for a few hours and it had rained for two days.
风刮了好几个小时，雨已下了两天。
过去完成时在几个重点句型中的应用
①在no sooner...than、 hardly...when句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时，意为“一……就……，刚……就……”。
No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.
我刚到家就开始下雨了。
I had hardly stepped into the classroom when the bell rang. 我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。
②在“It was the first/second/...time that...”句型中，从句中用过去完成时。
It was the first time that I had chatted online in English. 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
③在“It was＋一段时间＋since 从句”句型中，从句用过去完成时。
It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有3个月了。
④表示“意愿、打算”的动词如hope、 mean、 want、 think、 expect、 plan、 intend等的过去完成时表示“原本……(但事实上并没有……)”之意。
(2019·天津卷)I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn't manage it. 我本来计划在彼得结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。
温馨提示：
① 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and、 then、 but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and sat down at the table.
他走进房间，打开灯，坐在桌子旁。
②当由before、 after引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
We had breakfast after we did morning exercises. 做完早操后，我们吃早饭。
The train started to move just before he reached the platform. 他刚到月台时火车就要走。
一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的用法区别
时态 用法
过去完成时 过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，是以过去某一时间为基准的
一般过去时 一般过去时以现在时间为基准，表示在过去发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在没有影响
现在完成时 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或者从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作
①一般过去时常与then、at that time、just now、a moment ago、the other day、in the past、at one time、three days ago、last year、yesterday,in 2014, in the 1990s、originally 等时间状语连用
②现在完成时常与already、just、before、lately、recently、in the last (past) few years、up to now、till now、so far、several times、for＋一段时间、since等连用
③过去完成时常与by、 by the end of等介词(短语)和by the time、 before、 after等引导的状语从句
比较下面句子，体会时态的不同：
①I saw Hero last year. 去年我看了《英雄》这部电影。（看《英雄》的时间是去年，与现在时间无关）
②I have seen Hero before. 我以前看过《英雄》这部电影。（强调以前看过，现在还知道这部电影的内容。）
③She had been ill for a week before she came back.
她在回来之前就生病一个星期了。（回来发生在过去某一时间，发病发生在过去的过去）
④She has been ill for a week. 她生病一个星期了。（现在仍在生病）
二、语态复习讲解
1. 被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。
下表以do一词为例说明被动语态的构成：
时间 时态 被动语态
现在 一般现在时 is/am/are/done
现在进行时 is/am/are being done
现在完成时 have /has been done
过去 一般过去时 was/were done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去完成时 had been done
将来 一般将来时 will/shall be done
过去将来时 would/should be done
2、 get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等
While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty.
在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。
We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬
3、主动形式表示被动意义
①在need，want，require，deserve等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。
②be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。
Who is to blame for the mistake 谁应为此错误接受责备？
The house is to let. 此房出租。
③“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。
This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。
④当sell，read，wash，write，open，wear等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
Have you bought the book that sells well these days I think it is suitable for us teenagers.
你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。
温馨提示：
【拓展】某些动词不能用于被动语态。
(1) 某些不及物动词，如：happen(发生)、appear(出现)、disappear(消失)、rise(上升)、happen/occur/take place/come about/break out; come into being/come true等。．
(2) 某些及物动词，如：cost(值)、fit(合适)、lack(缺少)、hold(容纳)、belong to(属于)、consist of；date back to等。
(3) 连系动词，如：taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、turn(变得)等。
(4) 表示度量的动词，如：measure(有……长／宽)、weigh(重)等
时态语态综合练习
一、单项选择题
1．—What did the teacher say just now
—Sorry, I didn't hear it. I ______ out of the window.
A．look B．looked C．am looking D．was looking
2． At that time, they ____in the park.
A．were having fun B．have fun
C．are having fun D．will have fun
3．—Tom, the high-speed railway (高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______ this year hopefully.
— Amazing! I'm looking forward to it!
A．completes B．is completed
C．was completed D．will be completed
4．Miss Zhang ______ by all of us because his classes are always ______ and interesting.
A．loves, lively B．loves, living
C．is loved, lively D．is loved, living
5．—What are you doing right now
—I'm ____ my homework.
A．do B．doing C．does D．to do
6．My mother usually ____ after work, but now she ____ in the gym (健身房).
A．reads; exercise
B．reads; is exercising
C．is reading; exercises
7．— What about going to the movies with me, Sara
— Sorry, I ____ for the show.
A．practice B．practiced C．am practicing D．was practicing
8．—Listen! Who ____ in the music room
—Lily and Lucy. They enjoy singing when they ____ free.
A．sing; has B．is singing; are
C．sings; has D．are singing; is
9．— Where are Lily and Lucy
— They ____ the house these days.
A．clean B．are cleaning C．will clean D．cleaned
10．—I haven't seen you these days. What are you busy with
—I ____ my English Speech Competition next week.
A．am preparing for B．prepared for
C．have prepared for D．will prepare for
11．—Linda, someone ____ at the door.
—Grandma, it is just our pet dog.
A．knocks B．was knocking C．is knocking D．will knock
12． — Why won't we play basketball with Class 4 this afternoon
— Because they ____ Hangzhou for a study trip.
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．went to D．had been
13． —Do you know anything about Zhang Guimei
—Yes, she ____ many girls with chances to get free education in Yunnan in the past 40 years.
A．provide B．is providing C．has provided D．will provide
14． I don't know if he ____ tomorrow. If he ____, I will call you.
A．comes; comes B．comes; will come
C．will come; will come D．will come; comes
15． There ____ a volleyball game next Saturday. If it ____ we'll have to put it off.
A．is going to be; rains B．is going to be; will rain
C．is going to have; will rain D．is going to have; rains
16．Mary with her friends ____the West Lake and they will come back soon.
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．has gone to D．has been to
17．—Could you tell me when the talk show began
—It ____ since Mr. Green came. You missed the exciting beginning. What a pity!
A．has been on B．has begun C．has been begun
18．I'm sure our group's report is the best. We ________ it many times before handing it in.
A．discussed B．have discussed C．will discuss D．are discussing
19． — Lucy, could you tell me ____ with your family during the winter holiday this year
—Sure. We travelled to the Great Wall.
A．where you will travel B．where you travelled
C．where will you travel D．where did you travel
20． Hurry up! The movie ____ for ten minutes.
A．has begun B．began C．has been on
21．—Must I return the book this week
—No, you ____. You can ____ it for 20 days.
A．mustn't; keep B．needn't; keep
C．needn't; borrow D．mustn't; lend
22．—When shall we go and play basketball
—Not until the work ____ tomorrow.
A．is finished B．have finished
C．will be finished D．will finish
23．—The 2023 Space Day of China __________ on April 24 at Hefei Binhu International Convention and Exhibition Center.
—How exciting! Our hometown is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is held B．was held C．will be held D．held
24． —Have you seen Miss Zhang these days
—No, she ____ Beijing for a meeting. She'll come back soon.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．has gone in D．has been in
25． Luckily, the rain ____ by the time we reached the foot of the hill.
A．stops B．stopped C．has stopped D．had stopped
26． The girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous, because she ____ before.
A．didn't fly B．hasn't flown C．hadn't flown
27． There ____ great changes in my hometown in the last few years.
A．has had B．have been C．has been
28． Since we entered our school three years ago, we ____ not only knowledge but also how to be a responsible citizen.
A．will learn B．are learning C．have learned D．had learned
29． —Miss Hu, I haven't seen you for a long time.
—Yes. I ____ as a volunteer nurse in Shanghai for a month. I came back yesterday.
A．worked B．am working C．have worked D．work
30．During the 1970s，the Internet ____ to share information between different research teams.
A．is developed B．was developed
C．will be developed D．has been developed
31．My best friend Grace sent me a letter last week，but I ____ it so far.
A．received B．didn't receive
C．receive D．haven't received
32．I wondered if Jerry____ his parents about his anxiety and worries of school life.
A．tells B．were telling C．has told D．had told
33． China ____ rapid progress since the Reform and Opening﹣Up （改革开放） began in 1978.
A．has made B．made C．is making D．makes
34． —Dad, when can we ride around the countryside
— Not until the bike ____ next month.
A．repairs B．will repair
C．will be repaired D．is repaired
35． Tea is very popular in the world. It____in many different areas in China now.
A．produces B．produced C．is produced D．was produced
36．— ____ you ____ about Naxi Ancient Music yet
—Yes, I have. It is a part of Naxi culture.
A．Has; heard B．Have; heard C．Did; hear D．Do; hear
37．—May I speak to Wang Li
—Sorry, she is not at home. She ________ since last month.
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．went away
38．During the Tang dynasty(唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world __________ on the streets of Chang'an.
A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found
39．—Why did you leave that position
—I ______a better position in another factory.
A．offer B．offered C．am offered D．was offered
40．—Alex, why didn't you answer my call at nine last night
—Sorry. I ___ my mobile phone at home. I ___ basketball in the park with my friends.
A．forgot; played B．forgot; was playing
C．left; played D．left; was playing
答案：1-5DADCB 6-10BCBBA 11-15CACDA 16-20CABBC 21-25BABAD
26-30CBCAB 31-35DDADC 36-40BCDDD
