八上第一次月考复习
【知识梳理】 一、词形转换 1. honest / ` n st/ adj.诚实的,正直的 其反义词为__________, 意为“不诚实的”。 to be honest 意为“老实说;坦白说”相当于to tell the truth, 作插入语。 【注意】honest的读音以元音音素开头,当它与不定冠词连用时,应用不定冠词 an。 2. cheerful / t f l/ adj.快乐的,高兴的 __________作动词,意为“欢呼,鼓舞” cheer sb up使某人振作起来 3. caring /`ke r / adj.关心他人的,体贴人的 __________作不及物动词,意为“关心,关注,在意”,常与about或for连用;还可作不可数名词,意为“小心; 照料” ,它的形容词是__________,意为“仔细的,小心的”,反义词是__________,意为“粗心的,大意的”;__________作副词,意为“仔细地,小心地”,__________作副词,意为“粗心地,大意地”;名词形式是__________,意为“粗心”。 4. truth /`tru: θ/ n.事实 __________作形容词,意为“确实的;的确”,强调事实、故事、消息等是真的,与客观事实一致,不是假的。它的副词形式为 __________。 real强调人或事物真实存在,而不是虚构的。 5. unhappy / nh p / adj.不开心的 __________作形容词,意为“开心的”,名词是__________,意为“开心”。 be happy with= be satisfied with对…满意 6. lie /la / v.撒谎 lie作不及物动词,意为“说谎(过去式__________);躺;位于(过去式__________)”。其现在分词为__________。 7. person /`p sn/ n.人,个人 它的形容词形式是__________,意为“个人的”;名词是__________,意为“个性”。 8. thought /θ : t/ n.主意,想法 thoughtful /`θ : tfl/ adj.体贴的,深思的 __________作动词,意为“想,认为”。 9. trustworthy /`tr stw i:/ adj.值得信赖的 __________作动词,意为“信任,”相当于believe in。 __________作形容词,意为“值得的”。 be worth __________ sth值得做某事 10. patient /`pe nt/ adj.有耐心的 它的反义词是__________,意为“不耐烦的”,名词形式是__________,意为“耐心”。 patient作名词,意为“病人”。 11. humorous /`hju: m r s/ adj.幽默的 humour /`hju:m / n.幽默 12. energetic /,en `d et k/ adj.精力充沛的 它的名词形式是__________,意为“能量,精力”。 13. active /` kt v/ adj.积极的,活跃的 它的反义词形式是__________,意为“不积极的,不活跃的”。 14. encourage / n`k r d / v.鼓励 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage作动词,意为“鼓励”。它的名词形式是__________;__________作不可数名词,意为“勇气”。 15. height /ha t/ n.身高,高度 它的形容词形式是__________,意为“高的”。 对高度提问:What is the height of… 16. dead /ded/ adj.死的 它的动词形式是__________,意为“死,死亡”,名词形式是__________,意为“死亡”,__________作形容词,意为“垂死的,快死的”。 die of/from 死于 pass away去世(更委婉) 17. danger /`de d / n.危险 be in danger 意为“处在危险中”,danger的形容词形式为__________,意为“危险的”。 out of danger 脱离危险 18. cheap [t i p] adj.便宜的 它的反义词是__________,意为“昂贵的” 【注意】物品贵贱,价格(price)高低(high/low) 19. environment [ n va r nm nt] n.环境 它的形容词形式是__________, 意为“环境的”;environmentalist作名词,意为“环保主义者” 20. foreign [ f r n] adj.外国的 其名词形式为__________ ,意为“外国人”。 21. French [frent ] n.法语;法国人 __________作名词,意为“法国” 22. German [ d m n] n.德语;德国人 __________作名词,意为“德国” 23. aware [ we (r)] adj. 意识到,知道 be aware of 意识到 名词形式是__________,意为“意识” 24. carefully ['ke f l ] adv.仔细地;小心地 __________作动词,意为“关心,在乎”,它的形容词是__________,意为“仔细的,细心的”,反义词是__________,意为“粗心的”,__________作名词,意为“粗心” 25.develop [d vel p] vt. 形成vt.&vi.(使)发展 __________作形容词,意为“发达的”;__________作形容词,意为“发展中的”,名词形式是__________,意为“发展” with the development of society 26. Italian [ t li n] adj.意大利(人)的,意大利语的 __________作名词,意为“意大利” 27. international [ nt n n l] adj.国际(化)的 它的名词形式是__________,意为“国际”;__________作形容词,意为“国家的”,名词是__________,意为“国家” 28. finish [ f n ] vi.&vt.完成,做好 它的形容词是__________,意为“完成的,结束的” finish doing 29. American [ mer k n] adj.美国(人)的 __________作名词,意为“美国” 30. difference [ d fr ns] n.差异,不同(之处) 它的形容词是__________,意为“不同的” be different from与…不同 make a difference to对…有影响 31. suggestion [s d est n] n.建议 suggest [s d est] vt.建议 32. improve [ m pru v] vt.&vi.改进,改善 相当于__________, 它的名词形式是__________,意为“提高,改善” 33. provide [pr va d] vt.提供 provide sb. __________ sth. “为某人/某物提供某物”= provide sth. __________ sb. 【单词巩固】 U1友谊诚实的,正直的快乐的,高兴的幽默的关心他人的,体贴人的事实笑话,玩笑笑,发笑青少年不开心的撒谎人,个人想法,主意座位学校作业仔细地;小心地理解小量好笑的理解力;感觉幽默厌倦的,烦闷的精力充沛的积极的;活跃的鼓励相信秘密更差的最差的身高,高度秒测验,考查;试验羽毛球运动然而气球害怕,恐惧搏斗,打斗;为……斗争死的攻击,袭击危险点头一…就,一旦情感;感觉有耐心的体贴的;深思的勇敢的U2(adj.)塑料的;(n.)塑料便宜的环境(det.&adj.)很少(pron.)很少人戏剧;戏,剧外国的法语;法国人德语;德国人向前地震提供课程;计划,节目注意,专心,注意力意识到,知道重要性日本(人)的;日语的我们自己形成;(使)发展初级的;青少年的火箭(det.&.pron.)最少的;(adv.)最少意大利(人)的,意大利语的国际(化)的假期,度假课本,教材搜索;查找完成,做好差异,不同(之处)没趣的,令人厌倦的建议美国(人)的筷子电影建议提供此外改进,改善
【短语巩固】 U1擅长(做某事)站在某人身边;支持某人给某人、某机构写信青少年杂志对某人撒谎与某人共度时光在任何时候让座有需要的在某事上帮助某人使某人振作起来感到沮丧在某人的生活中有点儿幽默感想要做某事鼓励某人做某事对某人意义重大一生,终身共同地和某人在一起与某人有共同的兴趣此外;而且保密对……放弃立定跳远测验成绩对某事物抱乐观态度打羽毛球事实上;实际上被卡在树上躺在地上让某人独自待着;不打扰某人不见了;离开了在危险时刻对某人友好对某人微笑把某人介绍给某人点头有时;偶尔忘记去做某事有道理为某人保守某事的秘密与某人和睦相处,关系良好深棕色给某人一个做某事的机会U2离开;远离火车站有学习的机会雨季塑料瓶外语和…一样…期待尝试,试图时光飞逝面对大量实践经验注意意识到健康的饮食独自;单独养成良好的习惯从年幼时绿色能源主动提出做某事太空火箭;航天火箭博客文章计划去……度假成千上万的;数以千计的有机会做某事;得以做某事从……借某物A和B在某方面的差异不再…体育设施校服对……提出一些建议开阔某人的眼界;使某人思想开放以便;为了;结果是
二、语法梳理 (一)形容词的比较级和最高级 大多数形容词都有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。 比较级用于两个对象的比较,表示“比…更…,较…”; 最高级用于三个或三个以上的对象的比较,表示“最…”, 最高级前通常要加定冠词the。 1. 形容词比较级、最高级的构成 (1) 规则变化 变化规则例词单音节词及部分双音节词 大多数词在词尾加-er或-estlong→longer→longest以e结尾的词在词尾加-r或-stnice→nicer→nicest late→later→latest以辅音字母+y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-er或-esteasy→easier→easiest happy→happier→happiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-er或-estbig→bigger→biggest thin→thinner→thinnest多音节词和部分双音节词 在词前加more或mostbeautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful careful→more careful→most careful
(2)不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestill/badworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleast
注意有些词的比较级和最高级的变化方式有两种。 clever→cleverer/more clever→cleverest/most clever old→older/elder→oldest/eldest far→farther/further→farthest/furthest 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的常见句式 (1)形容词比较级 ①两者相比较,可用"比较级+than"结构。 This park is larger than that one. 注意形容词的比较级前还可以用一些副词(短语), 如much、 a lot、 a bit、 a little、 far、 even、 still等修饰,以进一步说明程度。 Lily is a little taller than Lucy. Our city is much more beautiful than theirs. ②“比较级+and+比较级”结构,表示“越来越……”。若形容词为多音节(或部分双音节)词,则用"more and more + 形容词"。 My brother is fatter and fatter. It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary. ③“the+比较级..., the +比较级...”,表示“越……,(就)越……”。 The busier my mother is, the happier she feels. The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make. ④“the+比较级+of the two+可数名词复数”表示"两个…中较…的那个"。 The taller of the two boys is my brother. (2)形容词最高级 ①三个或三个以上的对象比较时用最高级,最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the, 后面常有表示比较范围的“in.../of...”。此外,常用结构“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”意为“最…的…之一”。 Peter is the tallest in our class. It's one of the most difficult problems in my work. ②序数词、形容词性物主代词和名词所有格等限定词都可以修饰形容词最高级。 Joe is the second tallest boy in our class. Kate is my best friend. 3. 含有形容词最高级的结构与含有形容词比较级的结构之间的转换 "the+形容词最高级+单数名词(+范围)" ="形容词比较级+than any other+单数名词(+范围)" ="形容词比较级+than the other+复数名词(+范围)" China is the largest country in Asia. =China is larger than any other country in Asia. =China is larger than the other countries in Asia. (二)数量的比较 (1)more...than 结构表示“比…多”, more后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 I have more storybooks than David. Peter has more milk than me. (2)fewer/less...than结构表示“比…少”, 可数名词复数用fewer修饰,不可数名词用less修饰。 Daniel studies fewer subjects than me. Jane spends less money on snacks than you. (3)the most 表示“在…当中是最多的 ”。most是many和much的最高级,与可数名词复数或不可数名词连用。 She sang the most songs at the party. (4) the fewest 表示“在…当中是最少的 ”。fewest是few的最高级,与可数名词复数连用。 Tom asks the fewest questions in our class. (5) the least 表示“在…当中是最少的 ”。least是little的最高级,与不可数名词连用。 Daniel did the least work yesterday afternoon. (三)as...as的用法 1. 当我们想表达“和…一样”时,常用“as +形容词原级/副词原级+ as”结构。 This park is as large as that one. He studies as hard as his brother. 当我们想表达“和…不一样,不如/不及…”时,常用“not as/so +形容词原级/副词原级+ as”结构。 I’m not as/so tall as him. 2. not as/so...as与比较级结构之间的转换 “not as/so...as”结构意为“不及,不如…”,也可以用比较级结构来转换。 Cycling is not as/so dangerous as diving.=Cycling is less dangerous than diving. =Diving is more dangerous than cycling. Jim doesn't run as/so fast as my sister.=Jim runs more slowly than my sister. =My sister runs faster than Jim. 【巩固练习】 1.John studies fewer subjects than Daniel, but Nancy studies the (few). 【答案】fewest 2.David picked up (many) apples than I did on the farm yesterday. 【答案】more 3.The international influence of Yangzhou is getting (strong) than before. 【答案】stronger 4.Our city looks much (many) beautiful at night than in the day. 【答案】more 5.—How are you today —I’m feeling even (bad) than yesterday. 【答案】worse 6.Of all the girls, my sister ate the (little) rice. 【答案】least 7.Bob swims better than I, but he doesn’t swim so (good) as my brother. 【答案】well 8.Tea is (popular) drink in the world besides water. 【答案】the most popular 9.________ you practice, ________ you can understand. A.Much; good B.More; better C.The more; the better D.The most; the best 【答案】C 10.—Who sings ________, you or Jack —Jack, but I dance ________ than him! A.more loudly; better B.loudly; well C.more loudly; good D.loudly; better 【答案】A 11.________ you read, ________ you will become. A.The more; the most clever B.The more; the cleverer C.The most; the clever 【答案】B 12.Adam runs ________ in our class, so we all think he can take part in the sports meeting. A.faster B.fastest C.earlier D.earliest 【答案】B 13.—Our class did well in the school singing competition. —Yes, you sang ________ of all. A.beautifully B.more beautifully C.most beautiful D.most beautifully 【答案】D 14.—The prices of the things in Wanda Mall are not ________ in other malls. —Yes, and there are more fun places to go. A.as expensive as this B.as high as this C.as expensive as those D.as high as those 【答案】D 15.— Are you and your sister different — Yes. She is ________ than me, but I am as ________as her. A.tall; thin B.taller; thinner C.taller; thin D.tall; thinner 【答案】C 16.You think this book is the best But I think it is ________ that one. A.as interesting as B.less interesting C.not as interesting as D.more interesting than 【答案】C 17.Sun Yingsha is more popular than ________ after the Olympic Games in-Paris. She is often a top search on the Internet. A.any other table tennis player B.any table tennis player C.the other table tennis player D.all the other tennis players 【答案】A 18.Max spends ________ time than ________ reading English in his class. A.fewer; any students B.less; any student C.fewer; any other students D.less; any other student 【答案】D 19.________ animals are in danger and there will be ________ space for them if we don’t protect them. A.More and more; more and more B.Less and less; less and less C.More and more; less and less D.Less and less; more and more 【答案】C 20.—How careful you are, Helen! —We must. As we all know that ______ we do, _____ mistakes we will make. A.the more careful; the fewer B.the more carefully; the less C.the more careful; the less D.the more carefully; the fewer 【答案】D 三、知识点讲解 U1 1. What makes your friend so special what或who作主语疑问词what 或who 用作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。 What is very popular this year Who teaches you English make的用法 v.成为; 做;制作make an excellent teacher成为一名优秀的老师make a kite制作一个风筝 v.使,让(使役动词)使某人做某事make sb. do sth.使某人/某物处于某种状态make + sb. / sth. + adj.*使某事怎样make + it(形宾)+adj.+to do 其他短语make a decision做决定make up one's mind to do ...下定决心去做...make fun of取笑,嘲笑make use of利用make sure确保make up组成;化妆;编造;弥补be made up of由...组成be made of / from由...制成(看得出/看不出原材料)make sth. into sth.把...制成/变成make a difference to对...有影响,起作用
【拓展】 “四看三让二听一感” (see, look at, watch, notice, make, let, have, listen to, hear) + sb + do sth,后跟省略 to 的 不定式做宾语补足语。表示做某事的全过程,或表示经常做某事。 He often saw the baby cry. 2. Kind and helpful, Betty is ready to help anyone any time. be ready to do sth. 意为“乐意做某事” ,相当于be willing to do sth.。 be ready to do sth. 还意为“准备好做某事”, 相当于 get ready to do sth.。 any time意为“在任何时候”,也可写为anytime,前面不加任何介词。 If you have problems, call me any time. 3. When something worries me , I always go to her. worry作及物动词,意为“使担心,使烦恼” worry还可作不及物动词,意为“担心”,worry about 意为“为....而担心”,相当于 be worried about。 The teacher worries about/is worried about her students. worry作不可数名词,意为“烦恼,担忧”; 也可作可数名词,意为“烦恼的事”。 Too much worry made him look very old. My mother has a lot of worries. 不定代词 something某事物;一些事物l want something to eat.anything 用于否定句/疑问句ls there anything in that box They don't have anything to eat.任何事物I want something to eat. Anything will be OK.everything一切事物;每样事物This shop sells everything needed for camping.nothing没什么东西There's nothing interesting in the newspaper.
【注意】 1. something 通常用于肯定句,anything 通常用于否定句或疑问句。 2.如果希望得到对方肯定的回答,问句中需要用 something 来表示。 3.修饰以上四个不定代词的形容词不能放前面,必须放它们的后面。 something, anything, everything, nothing+形容词/else something, anything, everything, nothing+ to do 4.nothing & none 的区别 nothing意为“什么都没有”,常回答 what 疑问句 none 意为“一个都没有,数量为 0”,常回答 How many/ much 疑问句 4. Maybe you have a point. maybe此处用作副词,意为“可能,也许" ,通常用于句首。 may be意为“也许是”,是“情态动词 may+be”结构,位于主语后作谓语。 may be可与maybe进行同义句转换。 He may be at home.=Maybe he is at home. 5. What is he/she like like v.喜欢 反义词: dislike prep.像 反义词: unlike like相关疑问句 问长相 What be sb. like What do / does sb. look like How do / does sb. look 问性格、品质 What be sb. like 问评价、看法 What do you think of sth. How do you like / find /feel sth. U2 1. Children live far away from school. 1) far away用作表语或状语,away可以省去,因此,far away相当于far; far away from相当于far from。 far (away)后不接宾语;far ( away) from后一定要接宾语。 They do not live far away. 他们住得不远。 We do not live far from the park. 我们住得离公园不远。 【词汇辨析】away from与far from的区别: away from与far from的区别主要在于far与 away的区别: far是表示较笼统、模糊概念的远,其前不能有具体的数字; away是表示具体的“远”,away from前常有具体数字。 My home is very far from the hospital. 我家离医院很远。 My home is 20 kilometres away from the hospital. 我家离医院二十公里远。 2) farther 与 further 都是形容词和副词 far 的比较级:far—farther—farthest; far—further—furthest。 farther 一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远,更远”。 further 表示程度上“更深一步”的抽象概念。 2. chance n. 【C】机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做某事 by chance 碰巧; 意外地=by accident 3. What a good way to get the children learning. 结构含义动作性质例句场景get sb to do =have/make/let sb do sth 说服或安排某人做某事一次性或具体动作They got the kids to clean their rooms.(他们让孩子打扫了房间。)get sb doing引发或维持某种动作状态持续性或反复性动作She got me reading that book.(她让我开始读那本书,并一直读下去。)
4. It is great to be creative and it helps us study better in other subjects 【精讲】It’s + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.结构,在这个结构中,it 是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。因为课文中的这个句子是一般过去时,因此这里的 is 变成了 was 。例如: To learn English is not easy. = It is/It’s not easy to learn English. 学英语不容易。 To pass the exam was difficult. = It was difficult to pass the exam. 通过考试很难。 【拓展】 (1)It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.这一结构中,形容词是表示做某事的“性质、特征” ,这类形容词有:important,easy,difficult,hard,necessary 等。 It’s necessary for you to do more exercise. 多锻炼对你来说是必要的。 (2)It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.这一结构中,形容词是表示人的“品质” ,这类形容词有:kind,wise,clever,good,foolish 等。 It’s kind of you to say so. 你这样说真是太善良了。 5. Time flies when we are enjoying school. 【精讲】enjoy +v-ing 玩得愉快(短语)(3 种) enjoy oneself= have (great) fun= have a good/ great/ nice/ lovely/ wonderful/ fantastic time 6. Among the three of us. 在含有形容词或副词最高级的句子中,常用含介词 in, among 或 of 的短语作状语来表示比较范围。 主语与状语中所表示的人或物属于同一概念范畴的用 of,不属于同一概念范畴的用 in; among 后通常接代词宾格、指示代词 these, those 以及没有数词修饰的复数名词,这一用法 中形容词最高级后往往有名词。 7. Linlin’s school has the most weeks off for the summer holiday. have…off 有多长时间的假期 have…off (for …) (某个假期)休了多长时间的假 have eight days off= have an eight-day holiday有8天时间的假 【off 相关短语】 get off 下车 put off 推迟;拖延 take off 脱下;起飞 fall off 落下,从..掉下 show off 炫耀;卖弄 break off 突然中止;中断 cut off 切断 8. We often need to borrow books from the library or search online to finish our homework. need (1) need 作实义动词,意为“需要,必然” ,有人称、时态及数的变化。 +sb./ sth. 需要某人/某物 +to do sth. 需要做某事 +doing 需要(被)做 (2) need 也可作情态动词,意为“需要,必须” ,没有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词原形,多用于否定句和疑问句中。 用 must 提问的句子,其否定回答常用 needn’t 。 — Must he hand in his homework this morning 他必须今天上午交作业吗? — No, he needn’t. 不,不必了。 【拓展】need to do 和 need doing 的辨析: need to do sth.意为“需要干某事” ,是自己主动去干某事; need doing 其主语是物,含有被动的意义,相当于 need to be done 。 The student needs to do his homework as soon as he gets home. 那个学生需要一回家就做家庭作业。 My computer needs repairing. 我的电脑需要修理。 borrow v. 借来,借入 borrow sth from sb 从某人那借来某物 【辨析】 borrow, lend与keep borrow从主语的角度讲是“借进”,指从别人或别处借东西,为非延续性动词。 borrow sth. from sb. /sp. 从某人/某处借某物 lend 从主语的角度讲是“借出” ,指把自己的东西借给别人,为非延续性动词。 lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 将某物借给某人 keep “借,保存,保持”,指借用某物一段时间,为延续性动词。 keep sth. for some time 借用某物一段时间 9. I like to spend time with them. 四大花费 主语动词宾语搭配范例sb.spend时间/金钱on sth.I spend ten RMB on this book.(in) doing sth.I spend too much time watching TV.sb.pay金钱for sth.I’ll pay for the tickets.sth.cost(sb. ) + sth.to do sth.Tickets cost ten dollars each.sth. / ittake时间to do sth.It takes her years to heal.
[补充] cost n.费用,开销 We don't have enough money to cover(足以支付) the cost of the trip. 10. the / a number of 词义范例the number of… 的数量The number of homeless people in America increased because of covid-19.a number of大量的(后跟可数名词复数) A number of Americans died as a result of covid-19.
11. join, join in与take part in 的用法区别 易混词(组)含义与用法 join 后接表示团体的名词或表示人的词,指加入某个组织、团体.党派等,或表示和某人一起(参加活动)。 join in 表示参加某项运动、游戏或活动,如参加讨论、游行罢工等。 take part in 侧重表示参加某项群众性、集体性的事业工作或活动,强调参加者在其中发挥一定的作用。 12. mind n. 头脑 mind v. 介意,通常用于 mind doing sth 或 mind sb's doing sth 结构。 固定搭配 on one’s mind 挂在心上,惦念 make up one’s mind 做出决定 in one’s mind 在某人脑海里 change one’s mind 改变主意 keep ...in mind 将.....记在心上 13. hope 用法(2种) ①希望做某事 hope to do sth.(注意:hope sb. to do sth. ×) ②hope (that)+sb.(主格)+will/can... 抱有希望的 adj. hopeful 比较级:more ~ 最高级:the most 抱有希望地 adv. hopefully 比较级:more ~ 最高级:the most 绝望的 adj. hopeless 比较级:more ~ 最高级:the most 绝望地 adv. hopelessly 比较级:more ~ 最高级:the most I hope so.我希望如此。/I hope not.但愿不会。
