UNIT 3 CELEBRATIONS(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分)
A(2025山东济南一中模拟)
I have always been proud of my handwriting,a skill I was taught in grade school.The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.We were strictly prohibited from using block letters on our homework,as they lack the beauty.
Now it becomes apparent that young people no longer learn cursive (草书).They type everything,mostly on their phones.Beautiful handwriting is a thing of the past.This has become a source of great sadness among traditionalists.
But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive.To my complete disbelief,not one but two of my close friends complained about the handwriting on my postcards.They were grateful for the beautiful postcards I regularly sent,but they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.One friend went so far as to ask if I could use block letters next time so that she could understand what I was writing.
Initially,I was angry.I had made the effort to cover an entire postcard with what I viewed as not just handwriting but calligraphy.But then I showed an English friend a postcard I’d just written,and he said that the only thing that was readily understandable was the letters “U.S.A.” The rest of it,he politely suggested,looked like “chicken scrawl”.
Looking at the postcard dispassionately,I unwillingly admit that he has a point.All the m’s and n’s run together.The a’s are indistinguishable from the q’s.So,from now on,I’m taking their advice and using block letters to communicate.
In fact,I just now sent an old friend a postcard.But this time,I simply wrote — in big block letters:
DEAR ALICE:
HI.
JOE.
I hope she gets the message.
1.What do we know about the Palmer Penmanship Method
A.It is characterized by big flowing lines.
B.It is rarely appreciated by traditionalists.
C.It was not allowed in students’ homework.
D.It is viewed as a trend in handwriting styles.
2.What weakened the writer’s belief in cursive
A.The popularity of block letters in recent times.
B.The younger generation’s disinterest in cursive.
C.His friends’ failure to comprehend his postcards.
D.His English friend’s suggestion on postcard design.
3.Why did the writer switch to block letters for communication
A.To deliver his message clearly.
B.To improve his handwriting skills.
C.To win praise from his friends.
D.To show his passion for calligraphy.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.The wide use of cursive.
B.The sad decline of cursive.
C.The value of preserving cursive.
D.The technique of writing in cursive.
B(2025河北邯郸模拟)
The Elysian E9X is a 90-seater plane that can one day travel up to 1,000 km—and it’s related to research that claims our previous assumptions on battery-electric aircraft were wrong.
The Dutch company Elysian has released its design for a fully electric passenger plane that can seat up to 90 passengers,with plans to launch it within the next 10 years.The E9X is a battery-powered plane that can fly up to 800 kilometers on a single charge based on a theoretical battery pack of 360 watt-hours(Wh) per kilogram (kg)—the standard measure of battery density (密度).Meanwhile,a Tesla battery has a density of between 272 and 296 Wh/kg according to Inside EVs.With future improvements,Elysian hopes to boost the plane’s range up to 1,000 km.
Elysian and researchers at the Delft University of Technology have reconsidered assumptions around existing battery technology.Most literature suggests battery-electric aircraft are only feasible for shorter-range trips of up to 400 km with up to 19 passengers on board.As a result,most real-world efforts have focused on designing regional or intercity electric aircraft.These widely used assumptions likely come from much earlier expectations and technological limitations.
Researchers claim that with the development of battery technology,larger aircraft can house denser batteries.Meeting the design specifications,however,can’t be done with commercially available technology;it would depend on breakthroughs in battery energy density,weight,and efficiency to achieve such ambitious goals.Meanwhile,expanding the battery’s production and further improving its density remain crucial for its widespread adoption.
The E9X has an energy consumption of 167 Wh per passenger-kilometer,meaning it takes 167 watt-hours to fly each passenger a kilometer.This equals an environmental impact that’s well below what electro-fuelled sustainable aviation (航空) fuel (eSAF),or hydrogen-based alternatives do.This is comparable to land-based modes of transport,such as today’s electric cars.
5.What does the author expect to do by talking about Tesla batteries
A.Highlight the E9X’s higher battery density.
B.Illustrate their fast development.
C.Indicate their possible dangers.
D.Show Tesla’s bond with Elysian.
6.What does the underlined word “feasible” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Affordable. B.Flexible.
C.Suitable. D.Comfortable.
7.What does the E9X depend on to house denser batteries
A.Its actual widespread adoption.
B.Advances in battery technology.
C.Elysian’s massive production.
D.Its detailed design specifications.
8.Which of the following best describes the E9X
A.It’s eco-friendly.
B.It’s cost-effective.
C.It’s labor-saving.
D.It’s time-consuming.
C(2024山东日照二模)
While it’s impossible to predict just where the next wildfire will start,new Department of Defense-sponsored research from Brigham Young University’s Fire Research Lab is getting into the microscopic details of how fires initiate to provide more insight into how wildfires burn through wildland fuels.
For their experiments,fire expert Thomas H.Fletcher and co-authors loaded leaves of 14 plant species into the crucible (坩埚) of a thermo gravimetric analyzer (热重分析仪) and slowly turned the heat up to 800 degrees Celsius.As they watched the leaves burn,they categorized the speed at which the plant broke down and the chemicals produced by the heat.They also compared the impact of two heat sources:convective (think of wind-driven fires) and radiative (from burning plant particles or flames).
The research found that the chemistry of plants makes a big difference in how fast they break down before they start to burn.That’s important to know because the type of plant found on a mountain hillside may help predict how a fire will burn and how quickly it might jump to another plant species.
“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and it’s not in the same place anymore,” Fletcher said.“We’re aiming at giving answers on how a fire might propagate in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks.”
The studies are aimed at improving predictive models for both prescribed (有计划的) burns and for unplanned wildfires.With wildfires costing the Forest Service and state agencies billions of dollars to control annually,any research that can help make fire management more efficient is a high priority.
“With all we’ve done to research them,fires are still out of control,” Fletcher said.“Our model can’t prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesn’t blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire.”
9.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The research subjects.
B.The research findings.
C.The research procedures.
D.The research objectives.
10.What does the research find about the chemistry of plants
A.It affects the speed of a fire.
B.It is one of the causes of a fire.
C.It breaks down quickly in a fire.
D.It helps plants survive in a fire.
11.What does the underlined word “propagate” in paragraph 4 mean
A.Explode. B.Spread.
C.Die down. D.Break out.
12.Why do the researchers develop the new model
A.To make the most out of wildfires.
B.To control wildfires more efficiently.
C.To predict the outbreak of wildfires.
D.To prevent wildfires from happening.
Ⅱ.七选五(每小题2.5分)
(2024安徽合肥最后一模)
Panic attacks cause a sudden intense fear when no danger is present or there is no identifiable trigger (诱因).This fear activates the body’s emergency system,causing the physical fight or flight reactions. 13
Learn to be flexible.
If you are sitting on the couch watching TV and you start to feel a panic attack,don’t continue to sit there and think about it.Get up and do something else!Leave your desk and apply some cold water to your face.Call a friend.Or just leave the house to get some fresh air. 14
Work out.
When feeling panic,it can be effective to match the intensity of the anxiety with physical exercise.Just go outside,walk energetically around the block,or walk up and down the stairs until the feeling passes.Gentle exercise is less effective while intense exercise can make it difficult to think about anything else. 15 People tend to tense their muscles when having anxiety and panic.
Breathe properly.
16 Naturally,people may breathe deeper and then make the situation worse.So do it slowly through your nose by pushing your abdomen (腹部) out for 5-7 seconds.Hold your breath for a few seconds and then breathe it out through your mouth slowly.
17
Pick something objective and study it deeply.Then describe every detail of it.When you finish one item,move on to describe other items.For example,what is the leaf like Does it have smooth edges What is its color Are some new leaves coming out This exercise can help bring you back to the moment and away from focusing on physical sensations.
A.Shift your focus.
B.Enhance muscle building.
C.Incorrect breathing can lead to shortness of breath.
D.Physical exercise can also help your muscles relax.
E.If not controlled,they can be terrifying and life-changing.
F.So use these tools to measure it when a panic attack starts.
G.In a word,don’t remain in the same environment whenever possible.
参考答案
UNIT 3 CELEBRATIONS(一)
Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小学时对自己的草书书法感到自豪,到意识到现代趋势使草书变得不那么实用和不容易被理解的历程。尽管作者的朋友们很欣赏草书的美丽,但看不懂他手写的明信片,所以为了清晰起见,他决定改用印刷体。这一转变象征着一个更广泛的社会转变,从手写交流向打字交流转变,显示了传统美感与实际易读性之间的斗争。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The teacher was teaching us the Palmer Penmanship Method,drilling into us the importance of forming big flowing lines when we wrote g’s and s’s as well as beautiful f’s that in my mind were like fairy tale princesses wearing fancy hats while extending their right foot.”可知,帕尔默书法它的特点是线条大而流畅。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But recently something happened that shook my faith in cursive...they said they honestly couldn’t read a thing I had written.”可知,作者朋友们无法理解他的明信片削弱了作者对草书的信念。
3.A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知,作者改用大写字母来交流是为了清楚地传达他的信息。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段可知,文章主要讲的是草书可悲的衰落。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了Elysian公司公布了一款可容纳90名乘客的全电动客机的设计,并计划在未来10年内推出这种客机。
5.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The E9X is a battery-powered plane that can fly up to 800 kilometers on...density of between 272 and 296 Wh/kg according to Inside EVs.”可知,作者谈论特斯拉电池的目的是突出E9X更高的电池密度。
6.C 词句猜测题。根据第一段以及画线词后的“for shorter-range trips of up to 400 km with up to 19 passengers on board”可知,Elysian E9X是一架90座的飞机,一天可以飞行1000千米,而现有电池电动飞机只适用于400千米以内的短途旅行,最多可搭载19名乘客。故画线词意思是“合适的”。
7.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Researchers claim that with the development of battery technology,larger aircraft can house ...battery energy density,weight,and efficiency to achieve such ambitious goals.”可知,E9X要真正投入使用,依赖的是电池技术的提升。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The E9X has an energy consumption of 167 Wh per passenger-kilometer,meaning...fuel (eSAF),or hydrogen-based alternatives do.”可知,该飞机是环境友好型的。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨百翰大学火灾研究实验室的一项新研究,该研究正在深入研究火灾如何引发的微观细节,以提供更多关于野火如何通过荒地燃料燃烧的信息。
9.C 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,第二段主要介绍了Thomas H.Fletcher和合著者开展研究的具体步骤。
10.A 细节理解题。根据第三段可知,研究发现植物的化学成分影响其燃烧前的分解速度,进而影响火灾发生的速度。
11.B 词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句的上文“Very detailed models that already exist take up to two weeks to run on very big computers and by that time,the fire has moved and it’s not in the same place anymore”可知,已经存在的非常详细的模型的弊端在于其耗时过久,导致无法对已经转移的火灾进行管理,再结合画线词的上文“We’re aiming at giving answers”和下文“in the next 20 minutes or half hour instead of the next two weeks”可推知,Fletcher的研究目的是在很短的时间内给出火灾如何扩散、蔓延的答案,确保模型的时效性,画线词意思应该是“传播,扩散”,与spread意思相近。
12.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Our model can’t prevent a fire,but it can help with decisions on how to manage fires so that when a fire starts,it doesn’t blow up into a huge,uncontrollable fire.”可知,研究者开发该新模型是为了更有效地控制野火。
Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了应对恐慌发作的方法:保持灵活性以转移注意力、进行体力锻炼减轻焦虑、正确呼吸避免呼吸急促、转移注意力至外界事物以恢复当下的感知,帮助控制恐慌发作并缓解其影响。
13.E 上文“This fear activates the body’s emergency system,causing the physical fight or flight reactions.”说明恐惧会引发身体的应急系统,从而导致生理上的战斗或逃避性反应。空处总结上文,说明这样会产生的后果。E项承接上文,说明恐慌发作所造成的应激反应如果得不到控制可能会带来的危害;选项中的代词“they”指代前文中的“physical fight or flight reactions”,由此可知,E项符合语境。故选E项。
14.G 上文“If you are sitting...leave the house to get some fresh air.”说明在感到恐慌时要采取行动,比如离开沙发去做其他事情、洗脸、给朋友打电话或出门透气。空处总结前文,说明要灵活地面对各种带给我们恐惧的环境。G项符合语境。
15.D 上文“Just go outside...to think about anything else.”说明运动能够缓解恐慌。空处承上启下,D项中的“Physical exercise”和主题句“Work out”相呼应,“help your muscles relax”和下文中的“tend to tense their muscles”相呼应,说明体育锻炼也可以帮助你的肌肉放松,因为当人们感到焦虑和恐慌时,往往会肌肉紧张。所以D项符合语境。
16.C 下文“Naturally,people may breathe deeper and then make the situation worse.”说明人们可能出现不正确的呼吸方式。空处是对不正确呼吸后果的说明,与接下来的呼吸指导相契合。所以C项符合语境。故选C项。
17.A 根据下文“Pick something objective and study it deeply.Then describe every detail of it.When you finish one item,move on to describe other items.”以及“This exercise can help bring you back to the moment and away from focusing on physical sensations.”可知本段建议转移注意力,可以选择一个客观物体进行深入观察并描述细节,完成一个项目后,继续描述其他项目,以此来引导思维远离身体感受;所以A项能够概括本段主旨,适合作本段的小标题。
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